100 Immigrants Who Made Britain Great: Inspiring Stories of Talented People
Autor Louis Stewart, Naomi Kenyon Cuvânt înainte de Bonnie Greeren Limba Engleză Hardback – 12 sep 2024
From Hans Holbein to Marie Tussaud, Mary Seacole to Mo Farah, find out the real stories of people recognizable to children and adults alike, and other quieter individuals, who have shaped our lives from business to food to medicine.
Discover how:
• Refugee Michael Marks founded Marks & Spencer
• Banker Charles Yerkes built the London Underground
• Scientist Ernst Chain developed life-saving penicillin
• Activist Claudia Jones launched the Notting Hill Carnival
Each individual is celebrated with an original illustration and a short biography. Many showed grit to make their mark on Britain after fleeing persecution or war abroad. All achieved their success through talent and hard work.
100 Immigrants Who Made Britain Great is a stirring gift for any teenager curious about how modern Britain came into being.
Many of them featured in arrived in Britain penniless, knowing little or no English. They achieved success through their hard work and ingenuity – and their legacies shape society. Without Michael Marks, we wouldn’t have Marks & Spencer. Without Stelios Haji-Ioannou, holidaymakers would not have jetted abroad on easyJet. Without Ludwig Guttmann, there would be no Paralympics.
Without so many others featured in this book, the United Kingdom would be drastically different and immeasurably poorer.
Each entry contains an original illustration and a profile of each individual and their incredible achievements.
This book is an ideal accompaniment to Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls, 100 Great Black Britons and Amazing Muslims Who Changed the World.
Here are the inspirational individuals featured in 100 Immigrants Who Made Britain Great:
Ade Adepitan, athlete and TV presenter
Alan Yau, restaurateur
Alec Issigonis, car designer
Alek Wek, model
Alf Dubs, politician
András Schiff, pianist and conductor
Anish Kapoor, sculptor
Anna Freud, psychoanalyst
Arthur Wharton, footballer
Barbara Cooper, RAF officer
Bernard Katz, physician
Bushra Nasir, headteacher
Carlos Acosta, ballet dancer
Caroline Herschel, astronomer
Charles Kao, physicist and engineer
Charles Yerkes, financier
Charlotte Auerbach, geneticist
Claudia Jones, journalist and activist
Claus Moser, statistician
Connie Mark, campaigner
Deborah Doniach, immunologist
Dennis Gabor, physicist and engineer
Dietrich Küchemann, engineer
Doreen Lawrence, campaigner
Edith Bülbring, scientist
Emma Orczy, novelist and playwright
Erich Reich, entrepreneur
Ernst Chain, scientist
Ernst Gombrich, author
Eugène Rimmel, perfumer
Fanny Eaton, model
Freddie Mercury, pop singer
George Frideric Handel, composer
George Weidenfeld, publisher
Gina Miller, entrepreneur and activist
Graeme Hick, cricketer
Hans Holbein, painter
Hans Krebs, scientist
Harry Gordon Selfridge, retailer
Henry Wellcome, scientist
Ida Copeland, politician
Ida Freund, academic
Ira Aldridge, actor and playwright
Iris Murdoch, novelist
Isaiah Berlin, philosopher
Jacob Epstein, sculptor
Jimi Hendrix, musician
Joan Armatrading, musician
Johanna Weber, engineer
John Barnes, footballer
John Edmonstone, footballer
Joseph Conrad, author
Joseph Rotblat, physicist
Judith Kerr, author
Karan Bilimoria, entrepreneur
Karel Kuttelwascher, fighter pilot
Krystyna Skarbek, wartime spy
Kylie Minogue, pop singer
Lew Grade, broadcaster
Lucian Freud, painter
Ludwig Goldscheider, publisher
Ludwig Guttmann, neurologist
Magdi Yacoub, heart surgeon
Malala Yousafzai, campaigner
Marc Isambard Brunel, engineer
Margaret Busby, publisher and editor
Marie Tussaud, entrepreneur
Mary Prince, campaigner
Mary Seacole, nurse
Maureen Dunlop de Popp, pilot
Michael Marks, retailer
Mo Farah, athlete
Mona Hatoum, artist
Montague Burton, retailer
Moses Montefiore, banker
Nasser Hussain, cricketer
Oscar Nemon, scupltor
Parveen Kumar, doctor
Peter Porter, poet
Prince Albert, royal consort
Raheem Sterling, footballer
Richard Rogers, architect
Sake Dean Mahomed, surgeon
Shanta Pathak, entrepreneur
Sislin Fay Allen, police officer
Solly Zuckerman, military adviser
Stelios Haji-Ioannou, entrepreneur
Steve Shirley, entrepreneur
Stuart Hall, academic
TS Eliot, poet
Tessa Sanderson, athlete
Trevor McDonald, newscaster
Valerie Amos, lawyer and politician
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, biologist
Vera Atkins, wartime spy
Violette Szabo, wartime spy
William Butement, scientist
Yasmin Qureshi, politician and barrister
Yvonne Thompson, entrepreneur
Zaha Hadid, architect
The introduction is by Bonnie Greer, the Chicago-born playwright and cultural commentator.
Buy the book to see what she says about the contribution of immigrants to the UK
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9781914487460
ISBN-10: 191448746X
Pagini: 208
Ilustrații: 100 color illustrations; 1 frontispiece
Dimensiuni: 175 x 240 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.35 kg
Editura: Canbury Press
Colecția Canbury Press
ISBN-10: 191448746X
Pagini: 208
Ilustrații: 100 color illustrations; 1 frontispiece
Dimensiuni: 175 x 240 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.35 kg
Editura: Canbury Press
Colecția Canbury Press
Cuprins
INTRODUCTION BY BONNIE GREER. The Contribution of Immigrants to Britain. The American playwright and cultural commentator questions how indigenous anyone or thing is to the British Isles – and celebrates the achievement of individuals from elsewhere and improved the UK and the world
ADE ADEPITAN • Athlete and TV presenter. Born in Lagos, Nigeria, at 15 months old, Ade contracted polio which left him unable to walk. Aged three, his family moved to London. He represented Great Britain in basketball at the Olympics before presenting The World's Busiest Cities and other TV shows
ALAN YAU • Restaurateur. Alan Yau was born Yau Tak Wai in Hong Kong in 1962 and moved to join his family in Norfolk aged 12. He learnt how to run a food business while helping out his parents at their Chinese restaurant in Wisbech. He founded Thai chain Busaba Eathai and Hakkasan Chinese restaurant
ALEC ISSIGONIS • Car designer. His Greek family fled the Greco-Turkish War in 1922. His most famous creation is the Mini, which became known as the quintessentially British car due to its practicality and popularity with the working class. He worked on Morris Minor, Austin 1100 and Austin Maxi
ALEK WEK • Model. After leaving Sudan, she went into fashion and starred in music videos for artists including Tina Turner and Janet Jackson and became recognised globally. Her success blazed a trail for dark-skinned women at a time when the industry was dominated by white faces
ALF DUBS • Politician. Alf Dubs was born in Prague in 1932. His father was Jewish and the family fled Czechoslovakia when Germany invaded in 1938. He escaped to Britain on the Kindertransport. He became director of the Refugee Council, a Labour life peer and immigration campaigner
ANDRAS SCHIFF • Pianist and conductor. András Schiff was born in Budapest, Hungary, to a Jewish family, the only child of two Holocaust survivors. His interpretations of Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and Schubert have earned him a worldwide following and his discography is renowned for its excellence
ANISH KAPOOR • Sculptor. Born in India, he has designed several architecturally scaled public artworks; notably Cloud Gate in Chicago’s Millennium Park, Sky Mirror in Nottingham, Temenos in Middlesbrough, and Ark Nova, an inflatable concert hall created in the wake of the tsunami in Japan in 2011
ANNA FREUD • Psychoanalyst. When the Nazis occupied Austria, she moved to England with the rest of her family, aged 43. She continued her work in London, but whereas her father Sigmund Freud’s work centred on the analysis of adults, she worked with children, with her friend Dorothy Burlingham
ARTHUR WHARTON • Footballer. He became the first black footballer in the English football league and the world’s first black professional football player when he kept goal for Darlington FC, then Preston North End in the 1880s. Statues of him stand at FIFA HQ in Zurich and FA HQ in the UK
BARBARA COOPER • RAF officer. Born in Canada, in 2008 Barbara made history when she was made an Air Commodore, becoming the highest-ranked female RAF officer. In 2010, she was put in charge of the Air Cadet Organisation, responsible for training 45,000 teenagers and 15,000 adult volunteers
BERNARD KATZ • Physician. He left Germany as a young man to escape the Nazis. His research helped scientists to understand the way nerves and muscles work. He received a Nobel Prize in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters – the body’s chemical messangers.
BUSHRA NASIR • Headteacher. When she arrived from Pakistan aged eight, Bushra could not speak a word of English. In 23 years as headteacher of Plashet girls school in east London, she worked with staff and pupils to transform it from an underachieving school to one rated outstanding by Ofsted
CARLOS ACOSTA • Ballet dancer. Carlos Acosta’s family lived in deprivation in Havana, Cuba, when he was born in 1973, the youngest of 11 siblings. He joined the Royal Ballet in 1998, often taking romantic roles and reinforcing his reputation as one of the world’s greatest dancers
CAROLINE HERSCHEL • Astronomer. Caroline Lucretia Herschel was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1750, one of eight siblings. When she was 10, she fell ill with typhus which stunted her growth and damaged her eyesight. She discovered 8 new comets and 560 stars – presenting her work to the Royal Society
CHARLES KAO • Physicist and engineer. Born in Shanghai, China, his most notable piece of work was the development of cables containing ultra-pure glass that could transmit light over long distances with minimal loss of signal. This discovery laid the foundation for the evolution of the internet
CHARLES YERKES • Financier. Born in 1837, Charles Yerkes was a highly successful financier from Philadelphia, USA, who was instrumental in building one of London’s most famous features – the London Underground. He funded the digging of the Tube’s deepest lines: the Northern, Piccadilly and Bakerloo
CHARLOTTE AUERBACH • Geneticist. As a German Jew, she fled the Nazis. Her work helped to establish the science of mutagenesis, when genes are changed naturally or by a physical or chemical element. In 1976, she received the Royal Society’s Darwin Medal, in recognition of her contribution to biology
CLAUDIA JONES • Journalist and activist. She was deported to Britain in 1955 after the McCarthyite 'reds under the bed' scare. She campaigned against its manifestation in education, employment, housing and laws that restricted non-white migration to Britain. She founded the West Indian Gazette
CLAUS MOSER • Statistician. He learnt his love of statistics while being interned during World War Two. As head of the UK Central Statistics Office, he improved the reliability of economic data. He was behind the influential annual report tracking changes in British society, Social Trends
CONNIE MARK • Campaigner. In 1980, Connie founded Friends of Mary Seacole, later named the Mary Seacole Memorial Association, to recognise the accomplishments of the black Crimean War nurse and, in 1993, the British government set up an award in Mary Seacole’s name
DEBORAH DONIACH • Immunologist. With her fellow researchers Ivan Roitt and Peter Campbell, she helped to further the understanding of the thyroid gland’s role in immunity and disease, leading to the recognition of organ-specific autoimmunity – a discovery that has saved countless lives
DENNIS GABOR • Physicist and engineer. As a scientist at the British Thomson-Houston engineering company in Rugby, Warwickshire, Gabor, a Hungarian Jew who had fled Germany in 1933, unexpectedly invented the hologram in 1947. The ‘Father of Holography' received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971
DIETRICH KUCHEMANN • Engineer. In 1953, Dietrich became a British citizen and eventually chief scientific officer and head of the aerodynamics department at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough, Surrey, where he helped design the delta wing, used on the Eurofighter Typhoon and Concorde
DOREEN LAWRENCE • Campaigner. On 22 April 1993, Doreen's son Stephen was brutally murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Eltham. She and her husband kept up pressure on the police, who secured convictions. In 1998, she set up the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust
EDITH BULBRING • Scientist. For her work on smooth muscle, Edith received two of the highest accolades in her field – the Wellcome Gold Medal in Pharmacology and the German Pharmacological Society’s Schmiedeberg-Plakette. She worked at the Physiology Laboratory in Oxford
EMMA ORCZY • Novelist and playwright. Born in Hungary, in 1903 she came up with a short story. The Scarlet Pimpernel recounted with swashbuckling verve the secret double life of a foppish Englishman, Sir Percy Blakeney, who rescued aristocrats during the French Revolution
ERICH REICH • Entrepreneur. Taken to England under the Kindertransport programme, Erich worked at Thompson Holidays and Thomas Cook, where he became managing director in 1979. Eight years later, he established Classic Tours, a global charity fundraising company that hosted outdoor challenges abroad
ERNST CHAIN • Scientist. In 1945, Ernst, Howard Florey and Alexander Fleming won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the development of penicillin, which is estimated to have saved more than 200 million lives – four times the number of deaths in World War Two
ERNST GOMBRICH • Author. Published in 1950, The Story of Art has sold over seven million copies, making it the highest-selling art book of all time. This and many other works such as Art and Illusion have led him to be hailed as ‘one of the most influential scholars and thinkers of the 20th century
EUGENE RIMMEL • Perfumer. Eugène Rimmel was born in France, the son of a perfume maker, who taught his son how to make exquisite scents. Eugène moved to London, where he opened a perfume shop, The House of Rimmel, on Bond Street in 1834, popular with Queen Victoria
FANNY EATON • Model. Fanny Entwhistle (later Eaton) was born in Jamaica in 1835 to a previously enslaved mother. Fanny was beautiful. In her twenties, she began to sit regularly as an artist’s model at the Royal Academy. Dante Gabriel Rosetti praised her beauty and depicted her in The Beloved
FREDDIE MERCURY • Pop singer. In 1964, when a revolution overthrew the Sultan of Zanzibar and thousands died, Freddie’s family fled Africa for Feltham, London. As lead singer of Queen (and Bohemian Rhapsody), Freddie’s vocal range and flamboyant on-stage persona made them one of rock's greatest acts
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL • In 1727, he became a British subject, earning him the right to compose music for the Chapel Royal, for which he wrote the Coronation Anthem for George II and the Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline. In 1741, he composed one of the most performed choral works ever, Messiah
GEORGE Weidenfeld • Publisher. After leaving Nazi Australia, in 1949, he co-founded a book publisher with the British politician Nigel Nicolson, Weidenfeld & Nicolson. The company’s success was predicated on some bold decisions, for instance daring to publish Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita
GINA MILLER • Entrepreneur and activist. Gina Miller was born in 1965 in British Guiana. At the age of 10, she was sent by her parents to school in Eastbourne. She co-founded investment firm SCM Direct and funded two legal cases that halted the Government's attempts to ignore Parliament after Brexit
GRAEME HICK • Cricketer. In 2008, at the age of 42, Graeme retired from professional cricket, by which stage he had surpassed the record for the most cricket matches played, 1,214 – still a global record – and accumulated 64,000 first-class runs, including 136 centuries: an English cricketing legend
HANS HOLBEIN • Painter. In 1497, Hans Holbein the Younger was born into an artistic family in the free imperial city of Augsburg, in what is now Bavaria. He moved to England in 1526, was employed by Sir Thomas More with the help of a recommendation from Erasmus, and became a court painter for Henry VIII
HANS KREBS • Scientist. With his colleague William Johnson, the German biologist began the research that led to the discovery of the ‘citric acid cycle’, by which organisms release stored energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. In 1953, Hans received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
HARRY GORDON SELFRIDGE • Retailer. The future owner of the celebrated British department store, Selfridge's, was born in Wisconsin, USA, in 1858. Harry’s father had left the family after fighting in the American Civil War. Harry set up a department store in Oxford Street in London
HENRY WELLCOME • Scientist. When the American was 27 years old, his friend Silas Burroughs, a travelling pharmaceutical salesman, invited him to London, and together they formed Burroughs Wellcome & Co (later GlaxoSmithKline) which utilised Henry’s talent for combining pharmaceuticals with marketing
IDA COPELAND • Politician. During World War One, Ida volunteered for the British Red Cross Society working in military hospitals. After the war, she became an active member of the Girl Guides, becoming one of its leading members and propelling its strong growth worldwide. She became a Conservative MP
IDA FREUND • Academic. Having overcome the challenges faced by women who wanted to gain a higher education, Ida – born in Austria – began working as a demonstrator at Newnham College and excelled in her work. In 1890, she became the first-ever female chemistry lecturer in Britain
IRA ALDRIDGE • Actor and playwright. He wanted to become an actor but felt that his prospects would be brighter in England where he hoped he would face less discrimination than in the United States. In 1824, he boarded a ship bound for Liverpool, and made his way across the Atlantic to a new life
IRIS MURDOCH • Novelist. The Irish writer's gift for language and her adventurous love life made her a skilled novelist. In all, she wrote 26 novels, along with a vast array of plays, poetry collections, essays and short stories. Her 19th novel The Sea, the Sea, won the Booker Prize in 1978
ISAIAH BERLIN • Philosopher. In 1917, his family fled anti-Semitism and Bolshevik oppression in Russia. His greatest contribution to philosophy during a dazzling career was acknowledging the importance to an individual of a sense of belonging, which could take many forms, as it had during his life
JACOB EPSTEIN • Sculptor. Jacob was born in New York City to a Polish-Jewish family. As a child, he spent long periods of time ill with pleurisy and believed that the time he spent alone drawing was the reason for his later success as an artist, as a member of the Vorticism movement
JIMI HENDRIX • Musician. ‘Jimi’, born James Marshall Hendrix, in 1942 in Seattle, Washington, had a volatile childhood and sought solace in music. In 1960s London, the Jimi Hendrix Experience had three UK top 10 hits in quick succession: Hey Joe, Purple Haze and The Wind Cries Mary
JOAN ARMATRADING • Musician. Grammy-nominated singer-songwriter Joan Armatrading was born on the island of St Kitts in 1950, the third of six children. When she was three, her parents swapped the Caribbean for Birmingham. Her hits include Love and Affection, Down to Zero and Me Myself and I
JOHANNA WEBER • Engineer. She was born in Düsseldorf, Germany into a poor farming family. With her life-long friend Dietrich Küchemann, she joined the aerodynamics department at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough, where she re-designed the wings of the Handley Page Victor bomber
JOHN BARNES • Footballer. From Jamaica, he became a star midfielder for Liverpool and became one of the first black players to claim a regular place in the national side. A year later, he scored a ‘miracle’ goal against Brazil in the Maracana, dribbling past five players
JOHN EDMONSTONE • Naturalist. John is thought to have been born into slavery in Guyana. He became good friends with Charles Darwin and would tell him tales of his homeland, describing rainforests filled with animals and plants unseen by Europeans and landscapes wildly different from Scotland’s hills
JOSEPH CONRAD • Author. Often regarded as one of the finest novelists to write in the English language, Joseph didn’t actually speak fluent English until he reached his mid-20s, having been born in Ukraine in 1857. He was orphaned at 12 and worked on British ships, later writing Heart of Darkness
JOSEPH ROTBLAT • Physicist. Born in Warsaw to Polish-Jewish parents, during World War Two, Joseph was part of the research team working on Tube Alloys, the codename of the British nuclear weapon programme. He later campaigned against nuclear proliferation, winning the Nobel Peace Prize
JUDITH KERR • Author. The woman who would go on to become one of the best-loved children’s authors of all time was born in Berlin in 1923. Her father, Alfred Kerr, a theatre critic, was an outspoken critic of the Nazis and in 1933 the Kerrs fled Germany. She wrote The Tiger Who Came To Tea
KARAN BILIMORIA • Entrepreneur. Karan Bilimoria was born in 1961 in Hyderabad, India, into a family of Zoroastrian Parsi descent. Karan adored Indian cuisine but felt that the British beer served alongside it was too gassy and marred the meal. He and his friend Arjun Reddy founded Cobra Beer
KAREL KUTTELWASCHER • Fighter pilot. A Czech, he joined the Royal Air Force and was assigned to No 1 Squadron. He quickly made a name for himself in the cockpit of a Hawker Hurricane during the Battle of Britain and, later, during the Channel Dash, an operation to sink German destroyers
KRYSTYNA SKARBEK • Wartime spy. 'Christine Glanville' was reputedly Winston Churchill’s favourite spy. The resourceful and determined Pole threatened, charmed, harangued and bribed a Gestapo commander into freeing two colleagues from a French prison hours before they were due to be executed
KYLIE MINOGUE • Pop singer. Kylie Minogue, who would go on to become famous first as a car mechanic in a daytime soap opera and then as a popstar, was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1968. A child actress, she appeared in several popular soap operas, before landing the role of Charlene on Neighbours
LEW GRADE • Broadcaster. The future cigar-chomping media tycoon Lew Grade was born Louis Winogradsky in 1906, into a Jewish family in Tokmak in the Russian Empire near the Black Sea. He produced popular kids shows such as Captain Scarlet and Thunderbirds
LUCIAN FREUD • Painter. Lucian was born in Berlin in 1922, the grandson of the renowned psychiatrist Sigmund Freud and the son of the architect Ernst Freud. During his later career, he became a lead figure in a collective of artists named The School of London, a movement based on figurative drawing
LUDWIG GOLDSCHEIDER • Publisher. After the Nazis marched into Vienna, Ludwig moved to Britain. In London, he and his colleague Béla Horovitz re-opened Phaidon Press. They managed the company together until Béla’s sudden death in 1955. In 1950, Phaidon published The Story of Art by Ernst Gombrich
LUDWIG GUTTMAN • Neurologist. In 1944, he established a national spinal injuries unit at Stoke Mandeville Hospital. He organised a sporting event specifically for disabled people to take place on the same day as the Olympic Games. After he died in 1980, the games were renamed the Paralympics
MAGDI YACOUB • Heart surgeon. The famous heart transplant surgeon Magdi Yacoub was born in 1935 in Bilbeis, Egypt. From an early age, he wanted to follow his father’s footsteps into the operating theatre. When his aunt died of heart complications, he decided to specialise in cardiac medicine
MALALA YOUSAFZAI • Campaigner. Malala was born in Swat District, Pakistan, in 1992 to a Sunni Muslim family. Her father was an educational activist who inspired his daughter to take an interest in educational rights for women and she resisted the Taliban, who shot her in the head. She survived
MARC ISAMBARD BRUNEL • Engineer. Marc was born in 1769 in Normandy, France to a prosperous farming family. He worked on big infrastructure projects, mainly in London. One of his most notable achievements was the development of a method for moving pulleys mechanically rather than by manual labour
MARGARET BUSBY • Publisher and editor. Margaret was born in Accra, Gold Coast (now Ghana) in 1944 to a family with links to prominent journalists, politicians and authors. With friend Clive Allison in 1967, she founded the publishing firm Allison & Busby, becoming Britain’s first black female publisher
MARIE TUSSAUD • Entrepreneur. Tutored by a Swiss doctor, Marie developed a talent for modelling and created wax figures of notable individuals such as the French writer Voltaire. After cheating death in the French Revolution, in 1802 she travelled to London and began exhibiting her waxworks
MARY PRINCE • Campaigner. A slave in Bermuda, Mary was freed in England. As an anti-slavery campaigner, she published The History of Mary Prince, making her the first black woman and first enslaved woman to publish an autobiography. The book exposed the horrors endured by slaves in the West Indies
MARY SEACOLE • Nurse. Mary was born in 1805 in Kingston, Jamaica to a Jamaican mother and a Scottish father. She volunteered to nurse British soldiers in the Crimean War, but was rejected. She made her way to Turkey under her own steam and built the makeshift 'British Hotel' for sick officers
MAUREEN DE POPP • Pilot. In World War Two, Maureen enrolled as one of the few female pilots delivering aircraft to the front line. She would only find out what type of aeroplane she was flying on the day of the job. She had to be able to pilot both Spitfires and Wellington Bombers
MICHAEL MARKS • Retailer. Michael was born in Slonim, Russia (now Belarus) in 1859. He was born into a Polish-Jewish family and, aged about 23, moved to England to escape persecution from the Russian state. In 1894, a cashier, Tom Spencer, invested £300 for half of his growing market stall business
MO FARAH • Athlete. Mo Farah, one of the greatest long-distance runners in the world, was born in Mogadishu, Somalia in 1983. With political and social tensions rife in the country, his family were forced to flee. At the age of eight, he was resettled in London without a word of English to his name
MONA HATOUM • Artist. From a young age she loved to draw but her life was uprooted by the outbreak of Lebanon’s long Civil War. She moved to London. Her artwork often uses the human body to depict oppression, violence, sexuality and the psychological effect of being displaced
MONTAGUE BURTON • Retailer. After fleeing programs in Lithuania, After taking British citizenship, Meshe opened a new shop which he named Burton & Burton. The firm offered bespoke tailoring where customers could choose their own fabrics and designs. By 1929, Burton & Burton had 400 shops
MOSES MONTEFIORE • Banker. Moses was born in 1784 in Leghorn, Tuscany, to a prosperous Jewish family with roots across Europe. But he not complete his schooling in England when his family ran out of money. He amassed a business fortune and spent the rest of his life and his fortune to helping others
NASSER HUSSAIN • Cricketer. Born in Chennai, India, in 1968, to an English mother and an Indian father, Nasser became a distinguished England cricket captain. In 2004, he retired from English cricket, having played 96 tests and 88 one-day internationals – 'perhaps the finest captain'
OSCAR NEMON • Sculptor. The Jewish Croatian artist moved to England in 1938. In 1951, he was introduced to Winston Churchill and his wife, Clementine, who was so impressed by his work that she commissioned him to sculpt her husband as a gift for the Queen. He was famed for his charm
PARVEEN KUMAR • Doctor. Born in Lahore in 1942, Parveen became a doctor and BMA President. She decided to write a new doctor-friendly guide to clinical medicine, with the help of her colleague Mike Clark. Their work, Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine is now the new standard medical textbook
PETER PORTER • Poet. In 1983, the Australian former reporter won the Duff Cooper Prize for Collected Poems, followed five years later by the Whitbread Prize for Poetry. In 2001, he was made Poet in Residence at the Royal Albert Hall, and a year later received the Queen’s Gold Medal for poetry
PRINCE ALBERT • Royal consort. At first unpopular with the British public, Albert had a keen interest in public causes. He supported raising the working age for children. He campaigned for the abolition of slavery and, in 1851, he co-organised the Great Exhibition, showcasing the power of science
RAHEEM STERLING • Footballer. Before he became one of England’s best footballers, Raheem had a tough upbringing in Jamaica and Britain. His father was murdered two years after he was born in 1994. His mother decided to study for a degree in England in the hope of giving her children a better life
RICHARD ROGERS • Architect. Born into an Italian family, with ties to England, Richard became an architect. The Richard Rogers Partnership has designed a string of innovative buildings: the Millennium Dome, Heathrow Terminal Five, National Assembly of Wales, and the European Court of Human Rights
SAKE DEAN MAHOMED • Surgeon. In 1810, he opened the Hindostanee Coffee House at 34 George Street in Mayfair, London – the first Indian restaurant in Britain. A restaurant guide mentioned that the nobility enjoyed traditional hookah and Indian dishes. In 1814, he moved to Brighton to introduce shampoo
SHANTA PATHAK • Entrepreneur. Shanta Pandit was born in 1927 in Zanzibar, Tanzinia. She married a man from Gujarat in India, Laxmishanker Pathak, in Kenya, where they ran a small business selling sweets and samosas. In London, their pickles business became Patak’s, which now employs 700 people
SISLIN FAY ALLEN • Police officer. After four years in Britain, she saw a newspaper advertisement recruiting men and women police trainees and decided to apply. At the time there were only 600 police women in the whole of Britain, all of them white. She got the job and found Missing Persons
SOLLY ZUCKERMAN • Military adviser. Moving from Cape Town, he became a resident anatomist at the London Zoological Society, specialising in primatology. In World War Two, he was asked to research the effects of bombings on civilians and their homes, and designed the Zuckerman helmet for air raids
STELIOS HAJI-IOANNOU • Entrepreneur. The son of a shipping tycoon, Stelios was given a small fortune to start a business. He turned it into a big fortune, founding a no-frills travel company, easyJet, in 1995 with a pitch of lowering the cost of airfare for ordinary people by lowering customer service
STEVE SHIRLEY • Entrepreneur. Faced with rampant sexism in the emerging computer industry, in 1962 Vera, from Germany, set up a women-only software business Freelance Programmers with just £6. When her letters to potential clients, she changed her name to Steve. She sold her business for £150m
STUART HALL • Academic. Stuart Hall was born in 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class family of African, British, Portuguese-Jewish and Indian descent. All of his essays, books, articles and films were in some way dedicated to explaining and understanding British society and culture
TS ELIOT • Poet. Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in 1888 in Missouri, United States. From a young age he could not play much with other children because of a congenital double hernia, which meant that he spent a lot of time reading. He became one of the 20th Century's greatest writers
TESSA SANDERSON • Athlete. Born in 1956 in Jamaica, of Ghanaian ancestry, Tessa represented Britain at the Montreal Olympics. In Los Angeles in 1984, she became one of the first British women athletes to win an Olympic gold. After retiring from javelin, she set up the Tessa Sanderson Foundation
TREVOR MCDONALD • Newscaster. In 1992, the Trinidadian became ITV’s main news anchor, respected by the viewing public for an assured style many described as avuncular. He presented the ITV news in its various guises as News At Ten, The ITV Evening News and, later, ITV News at 10.30pm
VALERIE AMOS • Lawyer and politician. Valerie Amos was born in 1954 in Guyana, South America. She attended secondary school in London and universities in Warwick, Birmingham and East Anglia. Throughout the 1980s, she worked in local government in London
VENKATRAMAN RAMAKRISHNAN • Biologist. Born in India, he researched the ribosome, the protein machine in every living cell that brings DNA to life. In 2009, Venkatraman and colleagues were awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for discovering how to disable the ribosome, boosting antibiotic research
VERA ATKINS • Wartime spy. In 1939, she helped smuggle the Polish code-breakers who had broken Germany’s Enigma machine into Romania and then to the West where they passed on their expertise. In 1941, she joined the Special Operations Executive, running espionage and sabotage in occupied Europe
VIOLETTE SZABO • Wartime spy. Born in Paris in 1921 to a French mother and English father, Violette was free-spirited and energetic. On her first mission in 1944, she discovered many French resistance workers had been captured by the Gestapo, helping the British defeat the Nazis
WILLIAM BUTEMENT • Scientist. An innovation by the New Zealander nudged Britain into developing radar, which detected Luftwaffe planes early and won the Battle of Britain. He also helped invent the proximity fuse, which automatically detonated when the missile neared its target
YASMIN QURESHI • Politician and barrister. Yasmin's Pakistani family moved to Britain when she was nine and settled in Watford. After a law degree, she became a barrister prosecuting complex criminal cases. In 2010, she, Rushanara Ali and Shabana Mahmood became the UK's first female Muslim MPs
YVONNE THOMPSON • Entrepreneur. Yvonne Thompson’s entrepreneurial spirit manifested itself from an early age. Born in Guyana, she moved to Britain with her parents in 1961, settling in Battersea, London. When she experienced racism and sexism in her early career, she set up ASAP Communications
ZAHA HADID • Architect. Zaha Hadid was born in Iraq in 1950 to a wealthy family familiar with business and art. Known as the queen of curves, she designed the wavy-roofed Riverside Museum in Glasgow and the sleek fly-away 2012 Olympics London Aquatics Centre. She won the Stirling Prize twice
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Thanks to, among others, Sarah Marcus and her colleagues at the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants enthusiastically promoted it to its social media followers
ABOUT THE AUTHORS. Bonnie Greer is an American-British playwright, novelist, critic and broadcaster. Louis Stewart works for an educational company marketing books to schools. Naomi Kenyon studied sociology at university and has since worked primarily in women’s healthcare
ADE ADEPITAN • Athlete and TV presenter. Born in Lagos, Nigeria, at 15 months old, Ade contracted polio which left him unable to walk. Aged three, his family moved to London. He represented Great Britain in basketball at the Olympics before presenting The World's Busiest Cities and other TV shows
ALAN YAU • Restaurateur. Alan Yau was born Yau Tak Wai in Hong Kong in 1962 and moved to join his family in Norfolk aged 12. He learnt how to run a food business while helping out his parents at their Chinese restaurant in Wisbech. He founded Thai chain Busaba Eathai and Hakkasan Chinese restaurant
ALEC ISSIGONIS • Car designer. His Greek family fled the Greco-Turkish War in 1922. His most famous creation is the Mini, which became known as the quintessentially British car due to its practicality and popularity with the working class. He worked on Morris Minor, Austin 1100 and Austin Maxi
ALEK WEK • Model. After leaving Sudan, she went into fashion and starred in music videos for artists including Tina Turner and Janet Jackson and became recognised globally. Her success blazed a trail for dark-skinned women at a time when the industry was dominated by white faces
ALF DUBS • Politician. Alf Dubs was born in Prague in 1932. His father was Jewish and the family fled Czechoslovakia when Germany invaded in 1938. He escaped to Britain on the Kindertransport. He became director of the Refugee Council, a Labour life peer and immigration campaigner
ANDRAS SCHIFF • Pianist and conductor. András Schiff was born in Budapest, Hungary, to a Jewish family, the only child of two Holocaust survivors. His interpretations of Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and Schubert have earned him a worldwide following and his discography is renowned for its excellence
ANISH KAPOOR • Sculptor. Born in India, he has designed several architecturally scaled public artworks; notably Cloud Gate in Chicago’s Millennium Park, Sky Mirror in Nottingham, Temenos in Middlesbrough, and Ark Nova, an inflatable concert hall created in the wake of the tsunami in Japan in 2011
ANNA FREUD • Psychoanalyst. When the Nazis occupied Austria, she moved to England with the rest of her family, aged 43. She continued her work in London, but whereas her father Sigmund Freud’s work centred on the analysis of adults, she worked with children, with her friend Dorothy Burlingham
ARTHUR WHARTON • Footballer. He became the first black footballer in the English football league and the world’s first black professional football player when he kept goal for Darlington FC, then Preston North End in the 1880s. Statues of him stand at FIFA HQ in Zurich and FA HQ in the UK
BARBARA COOPER • RAF officer. Born in Canada, in 2008 Barbara made history when she was made an Air Commodore, becoming the highest-ranked female RAF officer. In 2010, she was put in charge of the Air Cadet Organisation, responsible for training 45,000 teenagers and 15,000 adult volunteers
BERNARD KATZ • Physician. He left Germany as a young man to escape the Nazis. His research helped scientists to understand the way nerves and muscles work. He received a Nobel Prize in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters – the body’s chemical messangers.
BUSHRA NASIR • Headteacher. When she arrived from Pakistan aged eight, Bushra could not speak a word of English. In 23 years as headteacher of Plashet girls school in east London, she worked with staff and pupils to transform it from an underachieving school to one rated outstanding by Ofsted
CARLOS ACOSTA • Ballet dancer. Carlos Acosta’s family lived in deprivation in Havana, Cuba, when he was born in 1973, the youngest of 11 siblings. He joined the Royal Ballet in 1998, often taking romantic roles and reinforcing his reputation as one of the world’s greatest dancers
CAROLINE HERSCHEL • Astronomer. Caroline Lucretia Herschel was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1750, one of eight siblings. When she was 10, she fell ill with typhus which stunted her growth and damaged her eyesight. She discovered 8 new comets and 560 stars – presenting her work to the Royal Society
CHARLES KAO • Physicist and engineer. Born in Shanghai, China, his most notable piece of work was the development of cables containing ultra-pure glass that could transmit light over long distances with minimal loss of signal. This discovery laid the foundation for the evolution of the internet
CHARLES YERKES • Financier. Born in 1837, Charles Yerkes was a highly successful financier from Philadelphia, USA, who was instrumental in building one of London’s most famous features – the London Underground. He funded the digging of the Tube’s deepest lines: the Northern, Piccadilly and Bakerloo
CHARLOTTE AUERBACH • Geneticist. As a German Jew, she fled the Nazis. Her work helped to establish the science of mutagenesis, when genes are changed naturally or by a physical or chemical element. In 1976, she received the Royal Society’s Darwin Medal, in recognition of her contribution to biology
CLAUDIA JONES • Journalist and activist. She was deported to Britain in 1955 after the McCarthyite 'reds under the bed' scare. She campaigned against its manifestation in education, employment, housing and laws that restricted non-white migration to Britain. She founded the West Indian Gazette
CLAUS MOSER • Statistician. He learnt his love of statistics while being interned during World War Two. As head of the UK Central Statistics Office, he improved the reliability of economic data. He was behind the influential annual report tracking changes in British society, Social Trends
CONNIE MARK • Campaigner. In 1980, Connie founded Friends of Mary Seacole, later named the Mary Seacole Memorial Association, to recognise the accomplishments of the black Crimean War nurse and, in 1993, the British government set up an award in Mary Seacole’s name
DEBORAH DONIACH • Immunologist. With her fellow researchers Ivan Roitt and Peter Campbell, she helped to further the understanding of the thyroid gland’s role in immunity and disease, leading to the recognition of organ-specific autoimmunity – a discovery that has saved countless lives
DENNIS GABOR • Physicist and engineer. As a scientist at the British Thomson-Houston engineering company in Rugby, Warwickshire, Gabor, a Hungarian Jew who had fled Germany in 1933, unexpectedly invented the hologram in 1947. The ‘Father of Holography' received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971
DIETRICH KUCHEMANN • Engineer. In 1953, Dietrich became a British citizen and eventually chief scientific officer and head of the aerodynamics department at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough, Surrey, where he helped design the delta wing, used on the Eurofighter Typhoon and Concorde
DOREEN LAWRENCE • Campaigner. On 22 April 1993, Doreen's son Stephen was brutally murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Eltham. She and her husband kept up pressure on the police, who secured convictions. In 1998, she set up the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust
EDITH BULBRING • Scientist. For her work on smooth muscle, Edith received two of the highest accolades in her field – the Wellcome Gold Medal in Pharmacology and the German Pharmacological Society’s Schmiedeberg-Plakette. She worked at the Physiology Laboratory in Oxford
EMMA ORCZY • Novelist and playwright. Born in Hungary, in 1903 she came up with a short story. The Scarlet Pimpernel recounted with swashbuckling verve the secret double life of a foppish Englishman, Sir Percy Blakeney, who rescued aristocrats during the French Revolution
ERICH REICH • Entrepreneur. Taken to England under the Kindertransport programme, Erich worked at Thompson Holidays and Thomas Cook, where he became managing director in 1979. Eight years later, he established Classic Tours, a global charity fundraising company that hosted outdoor challenges abroad
ERNST CHAIN • Scientist. In 1945, Ernst, Howard Florey and Alexander Fleming won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the development of penicillin, which is estimated to have saved more than 200 million lives – four times the number of deaths in World War Two
ERNST GOMBRICH • Author. Published in 1950, The Story of Art has sold over seven million copies, making it the highest-selling art book of all time. This and many other works such as Art and Illusion have led him to be hailed as ‘one of the most influential scholars and thinkers of the 20th century
EUGENE RIMMEL • Perfumer. Eugène Rimmel was born in France, the son of a perfume maker, who taught his son how to make exquisite scents. Eugène moved to London, where he opened a perfume shop, The House of Rimmel, on Bond Street in 1834, popular with Queen Victoria
FANNY EATON • Model. Fanny Entwhistle (later Eaton) was born in Jamaica in 1835 to a previously enslaved mother. Fanny was beautiful. In her twenties, she began to sit regularly as an artist’s model at the Royal Academy. Dante Gabriel Rosetti praised her beauty and depicted her in The Beloved
FREDDIE MERCURY • Pop singer. In 1964, when a revolution overthrew the Sultan of Zanzibar and thousands died, Freddie’s family fled Africa for Feltham, London. As lead singer of Queen (and Bohemian Rhapsody), Freddie’s vocal range and flamboyant on-stage persona made them one of rock's greatest acts
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL • In 1727, he became a British subject, earning him the right to compose music for the Chapel Royal, for which he wrote the Coronation Anthem for George II and the Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline. In 1741, he composed one of the most performed choral works ever, Messiah
GEORGE Weidenfeld • Publisher. After leaving Nazi Australia, in 1949, he co-founded a book publisher with the British politician Nigel Nicolson, Weidenfeld & Nicolson. The company’s success was predicated on some bold decisions, for instance daring to publish Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita
GINA MILLER • Entrepreneur and activist. Gina Miller was born in 1965 in British Guiana. At the age of 10, she was sent by her parents to school in Eastbourne. She co-founded investment firm SCM Direct and funded two legal cases that halted the Government's attempts to ignore Parliament after Brexit
GRAEME HICK • Cricketer. In 2008, at the age of 42, Graeme retired from professional cricket, by which stage he had surpassed the record for the most cricket matches played, 1,214 – still a global record – and accumulated 64,000 first-class runs, including 136 centuries: an English cricketing legend
HANS HOLBEIN • Painter. In 1497, Hans Holbein the Younger was born into an artistic family in the free imperial city of Augsburg, in what is now Bavaria. He moved to England in 1526, was employed by Sir Thomas More with the help of a recommendation from Erasmus, and became a court painter for Henry VIII
HANS KREBS • Scientist. With his colleague William Johnson, the German biologist began the research that led to the discovery of the ‘citric acid cycle’, by which organisms release stored energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. In 1953, Hans received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
HARRY GORDON SELFRIDGE • Retailer. The future owner of the celebrated British department store, Selfridge's, was born in Wisconsin, USA, in 1858. Harry’s father had left the family after fighting in the American Civil War. Harry set up a department store in Oxford Street in London
HENRY WELLCOME • Scientist. When the American was 27 years old, his friend Silas Burroughs, a travelling pharmaceutical salesman, invited him to London, and together they formed Burroughs Wellcome & Co (later GlaxoSmithKline) which utilised Henry’s talent for combining pharmaceuticals with marketing
IDA COPELAND • Politician. During World War One, Ida volunteered for the British Red Cross Society working in military hospitals. After the war, she became an active member of the Girl Guides, becoming one of its leading members and propelling its strong growth worldwide. She became a Conservative MP
IDA FREUND • Academic. Having overcome the challenges faced by women who wanted to gain a higher education, Ida – born in Austria – began working as a demonstrator at Newnham College and excelled in her work. In 1890, she became the first-ever female chemistry lecturer in Britain
IRA ALDRIDGE • Actor and playwright. He wanted to become an actor but felt that his prospects would be brighter in England where he hoped he would face less discrimination than in the United States. In 1824, he boarded a ship bound for Liverpool, and made his way across the Atlantic to a new life
IRIS MURDOCH • Novelist. The Irish writer's gift for language and her adventurous love life made her a skilled novelist. In all, she wrote 26 novels, along with a vast array of plays, poetry collections, essays and short stories. Her 19th novel The Sea, the Sea, won the Booker Prize in 1978
ISAIAH BERLIN • Philosopher. In 1917, his family fled anti-Semitism and Bolshevik oppression in Russia. His greatest contribution to philosophy during a dazzling career was acknowledging the importance to an individual of a sense of belonging, which could take many forms, as it had during his life
JACOB EPSTEIN • Sculptor. Jacob was born in New York City to a Polish-Jewish family. As a child, he spent long periods of time ill with pleurisy and believed that the time he spent alone drawing was the reason for his later success as an artist, as a member of the Vorticism movement
JIMI HENDRIX • Musician. ‘Jimi’, born James Marshall Hendrix, in 1942 in Seattle, Washington, had a volatile childhood and sought solace in music. In 1960s London, the Jimi Hendrix Experience had three UK top 10 hits in quick succession: Hey Joe, Purple Haze and The Wind Cries Mary
JOAN ARMATRADING • Musician. Grammy-nominated singer-songwriter Joan Armatrading was born on the island of St Kitts in 1950, the third of six children. When she was three, her parents swapped the Caribbean for Birmingham. Her hits include Love and Affection, Down to Zero and Me Myself and I
JOHANNA WEBER • Engineer. She was born in Düsseldorf, Germany into a poor farming family. With her life-long friend Dietrich Küchemann, she joined the aerodynamics department at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough, where she re-designed the wings of the Handley Page Victor bomber
JOHN BARNES • Footballer. From Jamaica, he became a star midfielder for Liverpool and became one of the first black players to claim a regular place in the national side. A year later, he scored a ‘miracle’ goal against Brazil in the Maracana, dribbling past five players
JOHN EDMONSTONE • Naturalist. John is thought to have been born into slavery in Guyana. He became good friends with Charles Darwin and would tell him tales of his homeland, describing rainforests filled with animals and plants unseen by Europeans and landscapes wildly different from Scotland’s hills
JOSEPH CONRAD • Author. Often regarded as one of the finest novelists to write in the English language, Joseph didn’t actually speak fluent English until he reached his mid-20s, having been born in Ukraine in 1857. He was orphaned at 12 and worked on British ships, later writing Heart of Darkness
JOSEPH ROTBLAT • Physicist. Born in Warsaw to Polish-Jewish parents, during World War Two, Joseph was part of the research team working on Tube Alloys, the codename of the British nuclear weapon programme. He later campaigned against nuclear proliferation, winning the Nobel Peace Prize
JUDITH KERR • Author. The woman who would go on to become one of the best-loved children’s authors of all time was born in Berlin in 1923. Her father, Alfred Kerr, a theatre critic, was an outspoken critic of the Nazis and in 1933 the Kerrs fled Germany. She wrote The Tiger Who Came To Tea
KARAN BILIMORIA • Entrepreneur. Karan Bilimoria was born in 1961 in Hyderabad, India, into a family of Zoroastrian Parsi descent. Karan adored Indian cuisine but felt that the British beer served alongside it was too gassy and marred the meal. He and his friend Arjun Reddy founded Cobra Beer
KAREL KUTTELWASCHER • Fighter pilot. A Czech, he joined the Royal Air Force and was assigned to No 1 Squadron. He quickly made a name for himself in the cockpit of a Hawker Hurricane during the Battle of Britain and, later, during the Channel Dash, an operation to sink German destroyers
KRYSTYNA SKARBEK • Wartime spy. 'Christine Glanville' was reputedly Winston Churchill’s favourite spy. The resourceful and determined Pole threatened, charmed, harangued and bribed a Gestapo commander into freeing two colleagues from a French prison hours before they were due to be executed
KYLIE MINOGUE • Pop singer. Kylie Minogue, who would go on to become famous first as a car mechanic in a daytime soap opera and then as a popstar, was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1968. A child actress, she appeared in several popular soap operas, before landing the role of Charlene on Neighbours
LEW GRADE • Broadcaster. The future cigar-chomping media tycoon Lew Grade was born Louis Winogradsky in 1906, into a Jewish family in Tokmak in the Russian Empire near the Black Sea. He produced popular kids shows such as Captain Scarlet and Thunderbirds
LUCIAN FREUD • Painter. Lucian was born in Berlin in 1922, the grandson of the renowned psychiatrist Sigmund Freud and the son of the architect Ernst Freud. During his later career, he became a lead figure in a collective of artists named The School of London, a movement based on figurative drawing
LUDWIG GOLDSCHEIDER • Publisher. After the Nazis marched into Vienna, Ludwig moved to Britain. In London, he and his colleague Béla Horovitz re-opened Phaidon Press. They managed the company together until Béla’s sudden death in 1955. In 1950, Phaidon published The Story of Art by Ernst Gombrich
LUDWIG GUTTMAN • Neurologist. In 1944, he established a national spinal injuries unit at Stoke Mandeville Hospital. He organised a sporting event specifically for disabled people to take place on the same day as the Olympic Games. After he died in 1980, the games were renamed the Paralympics
MAGDI YACOUB • Heart surgeon. The famous heart transplant surgeon Magdi Yacoub was born in 1935 in Bilbeis, Egypt. From an early age, he wanted to follow his father’s footsteps into the operating theatre. When his aunt died of heart complications, he decided to specialise in cardiac medicine
MALALA YOUSAFZAI • Campaigner. Malala was born in Swat District, Pakistan, in 1992 to a Sunni Muslim family. Her father was an educational activist who inspired his daughter to take an interest in educational rights for women and she resisted the Taliban, who shot her in the head. She survived
MARC ISAMBARD BRUNEL • Engineer. Marc was born in 1769 in Normandy, France to a prosperous farming family. He worked on big infrastructure projects, mainly in London. One of his most notable achievements was the development of a method for moving pulleys mechanically rather than by manual labour
MARGARET BUSBY • Publisher and editor. Margaret was born in Accra, Gold Coast (now Ghana) in 1944 to a family with links to prominent journalists, politicians and authors. With friend Clive Allison in 1967, she founded the publishing firm Allison & Busby, becoming Britain’s first black female publisher
MARIE TUSSAUD • Entrepreneur. Tutored by a Swiss doctor, Marie developed a talent for modelling and created wax figures of notable individuals such as the French writer Voltaire. After cheating death in the French Revolution, in 1802 she travelled to London and began exhibiting her waxworks
MARY PRINCE • Campaigner. A slave in Bermuda, Mary was freed in England. As an anti-slavery campaigner, she published The History of Mary Prince, making her the first black woman and first enslaved woman to publish an autobiography. The book exposed the horrors endured by slaves in the West Indies
MARY SEACOLE • Nurse. Mary was born in 1805 in Kingston, Jamaica to a Jamaican mother and a Scottish father. She volunteered to nurse British soldiers in the Crimean War, but was rejected. She made her way to Turkey under her own steam and built the makeshift 'British Hotel' for sick officers
MAUREEN DE POPP • Pilot. In World War Two, Maureen enrolled as one of the few female pilots delivering aircraft to the front line. She would only find out what type of aeroplane she was flying on the day of the job. She had to be able to pilot both Spitfires and Wellington Bombers
MICHAEL MARKS • Retailer. Michael was born in Slonim, Russia (now Belarus) in 1859. He was born into a Polish-Jewish family and, aged about 23, moved to England to escape persecution from the Russian state. In 1894, a cashier, Tom Spencer, invested £300 for half of his growing market stall business
MO FARAH • Athlete. Mo Farah, one of the greatest long-distance runners in the world, was born in Mogadishu, Somalia in 1983. With political and social tensions rife in the country, his family were forced to flee. At the age of eight, he was resettled in London without a word of English to his name
MONA HATOUM • Artist. From a young age she loved to draw but her life was uprooted by the outbreak of Lebanon’s long Civil War. She moved to London. Her artwork often uses the human body to depict oppression, violence, sexuality and the psychological effect of being displaced
MONTAGUE BURTON • Retailer. After fleeing programs in Lithuania, After taking British citizenship, Meshe opened a new shop which he named Burton & Burton. The firm offered bespoke tailoring where customers could choose their own fabrics and designs. By 1929, Burton & Burton had 400 shops
MOSES MONTEFIORE • Banker. Moses was born in 1784 in Leghorn, Tuscany, to a prosperous Jewish family with roots across Europe. But he not complete his schooling in England when his family ran out of money. He amassed a business fortune and spent the rest of his life and his fortune to helping others
NASSER HUSSAIN • Cricketer. Born in Chennai, India, in 1968, to an English mother and an Indian father, Nasser became a distinguished England cricket captain. In 2004, he retired from English cricket, having played 96 tests and 88 one-day internationals – 'perhaps the finest captain'
OSCAR NEMON • Sculptor. The Jewish Croatian artist moved to England in 1938. In 1951, he was introduced to Winston Churchill and his wife, Clementine, who was so impressed by his work that she commissioned him to sculpt her husband as a gift for the Queen. He was famed for his charm
PARVEEN KUMAR • Doctor. Born in Lahore in 1942, Parveen became a doctor and BMA President. She decided to write a new doctor-friendly guide to clinical medicine, with the help of her colleague Mike Clark. Their work, Kumar and Clark’s Clinical Medicine is now the new standard medical textbook
PETER PORTER • Poet. In 1983, the Australian former reporter won the Duff Cooper Prize for Collected Poems, followed five years later by the Whitbread Prize for Poetry. In 2001, he was made Poet in Residence at the Royal Albert Hall, and a year later received the Queen’s Gold Medal for poetry
PRINCE ALBERT • Royal consort. At first unpopular with the British public, Albert had a keen interest in public causes. He supported raising the working age for children. He campaigned for the abolition of slavery and, in 1851, he co-organised the Great Exhibition, showcasing the power of science
RAHEEM STERLING • Footballer. Before he became one of England’s best footballers, Raheem had a tough upbringing in Jamaica and Britain. His father was murdered two years after he was born in 1994. His mother decided to study for a degree in England in the hope of giving her children a better life
RICHARD ROGERS • Architect. Born into an Italian family, with ties to England, Richard became an architect. The Richard Rogers Partnership has designed a string of innovative buildings: the Millennium Dome, Heathrow Terminal Five, National Assembly of Wales, and the European Court of Human Rights
SAKE DEAN MAHOMED • Surgeon. In 1810, he opened the Hindostanee Coffee House at 34 George Street in Mayfair, London – the first Indian restaurant in Britain. A restaurant guide mentioned that the nobility enjoyed traditional hookah and Indian dishes. In 1814, he moved to Brighton to introduce shampoo
SHANTA PATHAK • Entrepreneur. Shanta Pandit was born in 1927 in Zanzibar, Tanzinia. She married a man from Gujarat in India, Laxmishanker Pathak, in Kenya, where they ran a small business selling sweets and samosas. In London, their pickles business became Patak’s, which now employs 700 people
SISLIN FAY ALLEN • Police officer. After four years in Britain, she saw a newspaper advertisement recruiting men and women police trainees and decided to apply. At the time there were only 600 police women in the whole of Britain, all of them white. She got the job and found Missing Persons
SOLLY ZUCKERMAN • Military adviser. Moving from Cape Town, he became a resident anatomist at the London Zoological Society, specialising in primatology. In World War Two, he was asked to research the effects of bombings on civilians and their homes, and designed the Zuckerman helmet for air raids
STELIOS HAJI-IOANNOU • Entrepreneur. The son of a shipping tycoon, Stelios was given a small fortune to start a business. He turned it into a big fortune, founding a no-frills travel company, easyJet, in 1995 with a pitch of lowering the cost of airfare for ordinary people by lowering customer service
STEVE SHIRLEY • Entrepreneur. Faced with rampant sexism in the emerging computer industry, in 1962 Vera, from Germany, set up a women-only software business Freelance Programmers with just £6. When her letters to potential clients, she changed her name to Steve. She sold her business for £150m
STUART HALL • Academic. Stuart Hall was born in 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class family of African, British, Portuguese-Jewish and Indian descent. All of his essays, books, articles and films were in some way dedicated to explaining and understanding British society and culture
TS ELIOT • Poet. Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in 1888 in Missouri, United States. From a young age he could not play much with other children because of a congenital double hernia, which meant that he spent a lot of time reading. He became one of the 20th Century's greatest writers
TESSA SANDERSON • Athlete. Born in 1956 in Jamaica, of Ghanaian ancestry, Tessa represented Britain at the Montreal Olympics. In Los Angeles in 1984, she became one of the first British women athletes to win an Olympic gold. After retiring from javelin, she set up the Tessa Sanderson Foundation
TREVOR MCDONALD • Newscaster. In 1992, the Trinidadian became ITV’s main news anchor, respected by the viewing public for an assured style many described as avuncular. He presented the ITV news in its various guises as News At Ten, The ITV Evening News and, later, ITV News at 10.30pm
VALERIE AMOS • Lawyer and politician. Valerie Amos was born in 1954 in Guyana, South America. She attended secondary school in London and universities in Warwick, Birmingham and East Anglia. Throughout the 1980s, she worked in local government in London
VENKATRAMAN RAMAKRISHNAN • Biologist. Born in India, he researched the ribosome, the protein machine in every living cell that brings DNA to life. In 2009, Venkatraman and colleagues were awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for discovering how to disable the ribosome, boosting antibiotic research
VERA ATKINS • Wartime spy. In 1939, she helped smuggle the Polish code-breakers who had broken Germany’s Enigma machine into Romania and then to the West where they passed on their expertise. In 1941, she joined the Special Operations Executive, running espionage and sabotage in occupied Europe
VIOLETTE SZABO • Wartime spy. Born in Paris in 1921 to a French mother and English father, Violette was free-spirited and energetic. On her first mission in 1944, she discovered many French resistance workers had been captured by the Gestapo, helping the British defeat the Nazis
WILLIAM BUTEMENT • Scientist. An innovation by the New Zealander nudged Britain into developing radar, which detected Luftwaffe planes early and won the Battle of Britain. He also helped invent the proximity fuse, which automatically detonated when the missile neared its target
YASMIN QURESHI • Politician and barrister. Yasmin's Pakistani family moved to Britain when she was nine and settled in Watford. After a law degree, she became a barrister prosecuting complex criminal cases. In 2010, she, Rushanara Ali and Shabana Mahmood became the UK's first female Muslim MPs
YVONNE THOMPSON • Entrepreneur. Yvonne Thompson’s entrepreneurial spirit manifested itself from an early age. Born in Guyana, she moved to Britain with her parents in 1961, settling in Battersea, London. When she experienced racism and sexism in her early career, she set up ASAP Communications
ZAHA HADID • Architect. Zaha Hadid was born in Iraq in 1950 to a wealthy family familiar with business and art. Known as the queen of curves, she designed the wavy-roofed Riverside Museum in Glasgow and the sleek fly-away 2012 Olympics London Aquatics Centre. She won the Stirling Prize twice
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Thanks to, among others, Sarah Marcus and her colleagues at the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants enthusiastically promoted it to its social media followers
ABOUT THE AUTHORS. Bonnie Greer is an American-British playwright, novelist, critic and broadcaster. Louis Stewart works for an educational company marketing books to schools. Naomi Kenyon studied sociology at university and has since worked primarily in women’s healthcare
Descriere
A beautifully illustrated book celebrating the achievements of 100 inspirational characters who made a new life in Britain. From T. S. Eliot to Malala, Mo Farah to Jimi Hendrix. Each individual has a biography and colour illustration. Like Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls.