Just what made America the United States? Arnold J. Toynbee, the most famous professional historian of the twentieth century, is widely quoted as having declared that ¿History is just one damn thing after another.¿ This book argues that history is not about ¿things¿ at all but is all about turning points¿the decisions, acts, innovations, errors, ideas, successes, and failures on which the shape of a nation¿s life¿our lives¿depends. It presents the 100 points at which Americäs path decisively turned on its way to where we find ourselves today. ¿ Columbus arrives in the New World ¿ The first slaves arrive in America ¿ Independence is declared ¿ The Indian Removal Act is passed ¿ Female suffragists meet in Seneca Falls ¿ Harpers Ferry is raided ¿ Fort Sumter falls ¿ A transcontinental railroad is completed ¿ Edison lights his first electric lamp ¿ Prohibition makes America a nation of lawbreakers ¿ FDR offers a ¿New Deal¿ ¿ The B-29 Enola Gay drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima ¿ The Supreme Court decides Brown v. Board of Education ¿ Neil Armstrong sets foot on the moon ¿ President Nixon creates the EPA ¿ 9/11 ¿ Obama ¿ Sandy Hook ¿ Russian election ¿meddling¿ ¿ the Age of Trump ¿ These and many more are the crucial ¿plot points¿ in our grand national story, and best-selling historian Alan Axelrod presents them here. ALAN AXELROD, PhD, is the author of many books on history, leadership, and military history, including How America Won World War I: The U.S. Military Victory in the Great War¿the Causes, the Course, and the Consequences (2018), Miracle at Belleau Wood: The Birth of the Modern U.S. Marine Corps (Revised Edition, 2018), The Gilded Age (2018), Lost Destiny: Joe Kennedy Jr. and the Doomed WWII Mission to Save London (2015), and Generals South, Generals North: The Commanders of the Civil War Reconsidered (2011). He has taught at University of Iowa (Iowa City, Iowa), Lake Forest College (Lake Forest, Illinois), and Furman University (Greenville, South Carolina). He was most recently a creative consultant for ¿The Great War¿ in the PBS American Experience television series.