Eating and exercise habits developed in childhood can form the foundation of a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle in adulthood. As such, ensuring that children are introduced to healthy habits at a young age is essential to support their ability to maintain a high quality of life throughout their lives. This book contains nine chapters, each focusing on a different element of children's health. Chapter One explores the variety of nutritional knowledge definitions, methods of assessment, and interventions to provide suggestions for research, practice, and stakeholders. Chapter Two explores recent data on the impact of COVID-19 on children's and adolescents' eating behaviours. Chapter Three examines the disordered and adaptive eating behaviours in paediatric obesity. Chapter Four reflects on the implementation of gamification to encourage healthy eating behaviour in children. Chapter Five explores the causes of the rise of overweight and obesity among children in the United Arab Emirates. Chapter Six describes methods for the performance assessment of physical functioning in children. Chapter Seven analyses the different factors influencing Indian children's participation in physical activity. Chapter Eight discusses the necessity of pre-participation screening of children before they engage in moderate-vigorous intensity sports activities. Finally, Chapter Nine provides data on lower body strength and explosive power among children, collected via a vertical jump test.