Evolution operates on the changes occur in the gene pool of a population. Evolution is a holistically oriented process in evolving the total population. Indian population comprises of about 4000 endogamous groups derived due to unique social organization and socio-economic conditions and thus to analyse the genetic variations systematically changing.This book describe and delineate the Demographic (sex ratio, child-women ratio, fertility ratio, marriage types and inbreeding, age at menarche, age at menopause, age at marriage, age difference of couple, marital distance, fertility, mortality selection potential, effective population size), Morphological, Behavioural Characteristics(earlobe, cleft chin, hypertrichosis, eyebrows, tongue pigmentation, middle phalangeal hair, menus digital formula, pes digital formula, hand clasping, handedness, tongue rolling and folding) and Dermatoglyphics(finger and palm both qualitative, quantitative characters) of the PADMASALIS backward caste population of kadapa district, Andhraradesh, India.This ads as a good contribution to the field of population Genetics study.