This handbook aims at imparting the grammatical facts, as well an awareness of linguistic structure. It is organised according to linguistic structure and has all the detailed information of a reference work. Explicit clause and phrase analyses are employed throughout. A structure-function handbook, it also introduces a number of concepts important to communicative language teaching. The grammar text should stimulate students' interest in grammar by providing options explained in semantic and pragmatic terms. It is intended for advanced students, whether native speakers or foreign learners. It works well with both British and American English, and differences are pointed out systematically.