A Law of Peoples for Recognizing States: On Rawls, the Social Contract, and Membership in the International Community

Which political entities should the international community recognize as member states, with the rights and powers of statehood, and an entitlement to participate in formulating, adjudicating, and implementing international law? What criteria should it use, and are those criteria defensible? From Kosovo, Palestine, and Taiwan, to South Sudan, Scotland, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Catalonia, these questions continuously arise, and constantly challenge the international community for a consistent, principled stance. In response to this challenge, this book offers a social contract argument for a theory of international recognition a normative theory of the criteria that states and international bodies should use to recognize political entities as member states of the international community. Regardless of whether political entities adequately respect human rights or practice democracy, it argues, we must recognize a critical mass of them to get international institutions working. Then we can add to it by recognizing secessionist entities that suffer from persistent, grave, and widespread human rights abuses by their government -- and, under certain conditions, minority nations within multinational states that seek independence. We must also recognize entities whose recognition would contribute to the economic development of the least well-off entities. Drawing on the social contract tradition, and developing a broadly Rawlsian view, A Law of Peoples for Recognizing States: Taking the Social Contract Seriously will both challenge and appeal to a broad readership in political philosophy, international law, and international relations."