This report responds to Section 102 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010, which directs the Committee on Technology of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) to develop a strategic plan to guide Federal programs and activities in support of advanced manufacturing research and development. Advanced manufacturing is a matter of fundamental importance to the economic strength and national security of the United States. Our analysis of patterns and trends in U.S. advanced manufacturing reveals both opportunities for Federal policy to accelerate the development of this vital sector and challenges to its continuing health.