The book examines the Battle of the Atlantic from an operational rather than the usual strategic perspective. The impressive achievements of the small force of German submarines against such overwhelming odds was a direct result of Admiral Karl Doenitz's skillful practice of the operational art. An examination of his attributes and methods may provide useful guidance for the commander of the small, austere force of the future. Superior technology or numbers does not guarantee military success. Sound doctrine, vision, operational excellence, initiative and audacity, on the other hand, can produce substantial advantages. This book also cautions that the dramatic reconstitution which did so much to turn the tide in the Battle of the Atlantic is unlikely to reoccur, and that the large, costly, multipurpose weapons platforms of today may be as ineffective in fighting the low intensity naval battle on the littoral as the large capital ships were in the Battle of the Atlantic.