Under a joint project of the Europe and Eurasia Bureau of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. State Department Office of the Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia (EUR/ACE), Democracy International conducted a comprehensive study of programs to assist political party development in the region. USAID and the U.S. State Department commissioned this study to advance understanding and application of political party assistance within the broader context of U.S. foreign assistance and foreign policy objectives for promoting democratic development. The purpose of the project is to review existing party assistance strategies and tactics and, where possible, to suggest more effective approaches to political party development. Accordingly, this report examines constraints in Europe and Eurasia and offers suggestions about program, policy or diplomatic responses to those constraints, identifies program opportunities, ascertains best practices in different situations, and suggests criteria for decisions about political party development programs.