Since actuarial education was introduced into China in the 1980s, Chinese scholars have paid greater attention to the theoretical research of actuarial science. Professors and industry experts from well-known universities in China recently worked together on the project “Insurance Information Processing and Actuarial Mathematics Theory and Methodology”, which was supported by the Chinese government. Summarizing what they achieved, this volume provides a study of some basic problems of actuarial science, including risk models, risk evaluation and analysis, and premium principles. The contributions cover some new applications of probability and statistics, fuzzy mathematics and financial economics to the field of actuarial practices. Discussions on the new insurance market in China are also presented.