This study explores the changing relationship between humans and two important animals, pigs and cattle, during the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in Britain. Faunal remains from prehistoric sites in southern Britain were studied in order to understand changes in the size and shape of animals, changes in population structure and other information useful for understanding changing human motivations. Its results contribute to our understanding of Neolithisation process in Britain, early animal husbandry practices in the study area and the role that pigs and cattle had in Mesolithic and Neolithic society.