This book details cutting-edge research in bioceramics science based on an interdisciplinary approach that directly bridges orthopedic concepts to surface science, physical chemistry, biomedical optics and nanomechanics. Raman and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy are, among more conventional spectroscopic characterization techniques, cited in the book, used to their most advanced extents to unveil molecular scale phenomena of both chemical and mechanical origin occurring at the sliding surfaces of bioceramic joints. The concepts are relevant to the development of new biomaterials.