Anesthesiology refers to the perioperative care of patients before, during and after the surgery. It also includes intensive care medicine, pain medicine and critical emergency medicine. Its primary principle includes the use of anesthesia and anesthetics for safely supporting a patient's vital functions during surgery. An understanding of operative risk and complications, the methods to mitigate such risks and the management of the illness is crucial to the practice of anesthesiology. Active airway management, ultrasonography, echocardiography imaging and hemodynamic monitoring are also performed within this discipline. In recent years, the scope of anesthesiology has extended to the identification of high-risk patients and optimization of their fitness, improvement of safety during the surgery and promotion of recovery. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. The topics covered herein offer the readers new insights in the field of anesthesiology. This book explores all the important aspects of anesthesiology in the present day scenario.