This volume presents eight chapters reviewing advances in environmental research. The first chapter provides an overview of effects of microplastic pollution in the environment. Chapter two analyzes the population dynamics and community structure of aquatic organisms in freshwater ecosystems, looking at multiple important variables. The third chapter discusses the sources, properties, and ecological applications of calcium sulfates. Chapter four reviews the bounce back of nature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The fifth chapter looks into issues of soil water repellency and moisture dynamics in eucalyptus tree populations. Chapter six examines rheological properties and antioxidantactivity of polysaccharides extracted from five cystoseira algae. Chapter seven reviews research on the synergistic effects of calcium sulfate and silica on arsenic mobility and accumulation by cultivated plants. The final chapter discusses a study of novel fibrousion-exchange sorbents for pretreatment processes in the nanofiltration for water treatment.