The short period from 1943 through 1945 was a critical one for Europe, witnessing the great final battles of the Second World War, the defeat of Italy and Germany, the initial stages of post-war recovery, and the beginning of a new era. For Albania, too, this short time span was of monumental significance, indeed these decisive years were arguably even more important for Albania. They saw the exit of the Italians, the coming the Germans and the German occupation, the end of the remnant of the old regime, the maturing of the resistance movement, the intervention of the Allies, the victory of the communists and the construction of the Hoxha regime which would rule Albania with an iron fist for the next 45 years. While most of Europe has left the struggles of this period behind, not Albania. We are still witnessing the fallout from this period today. It is present not only in the discourse concerning the creation of the Albanians' image of themselves as a people and a state, but remains important in terms of contemporary political discourse. In a way the period from 1943 through 1945 is still a vital part of the twenty-first century cultural and political landscape in Albania. In part because of this continuing contemporary significance, a clear understanding of this period is particularly important. Scholars have recognized its pivotal role and as a result these few years has been studied extensively both within Albania and abroad. These studies have of course taken many forms including oral and traditional histories. As the years pass, along with the contemporary witnesses of those events, further study - always necessary because of the availability of new material and the fact that there is no single interpretation of history - becomes more heavily dependent of documents produced during the period.