This book is an illustrative account on the usage of Alpinia nigra (Gaertn) Burtt. in the traditional medicinal system and its subsequent systematic validation and experimental standardization with special emphasis on its prospects in controlling diabetes. It tries to cover the basic aspects regarding the phytocomposition, pharmacopoeial standardization, in vitro and in vivo studies aimed in verification of its use in the traditional system of medicine. The work embedded in the book successfully upheld the folkloric claims by traditional practitioners in the treatment of diabetes.