As expatriates in Germany and Austria in the 1930s, Kay Boyle, Katherine Anne Porter, Jean Stafford and Lillian Hellman saw the rise of Nazi ideology firsthand. And while all four clearly realized - as their work demonstrates - that ethical behaviour is the personal corollary of political conviction, scholars of these important America writers have long neglected the significance of the mingling of writing, ethics and politics in their work. In "American Women Writers and the Nazis", Thomas Austenfeld restores ethics and politics to the central places they held in the lives and work of these four women. By documenting the political and ethical apprenticeships each woman served in Germany and Austria, Austenfeld convincingly argues that the genius of these writers exists precisely in their ability to continue the development of their best creative sensibilities in spite of - and indeed because of - the ethical challenges they faced as women writers in the tense prewar world. Kay Boyle's analysis of the language and cultural expression of occupation, Lillian Hellman's exposure of diplomatic language as furthering war, Katherine Anne Porter's implicit critique of Weimar Germany's class consciousness, and Jean Stafford's searching meditations on guilt and responsibility all argue afresh for the pragmatic goals that fiction and drama can serve in a politically unstable world.