This work examines the distribution of welfare in a population and its redistribution by the government. Motivated by the large and growing role of the public sector - and with it the redistributive potential - this publication makes three distinct contributions to show ways that decision-makers can glean necessary information about distributional situations. As such, this work offers both aggregated welfare analyses, which cover public activities as completely as possible (chapters "Public Income Redistribution in Switzerland" and "The Distribution of Leisure Time Across Countries and Over Time"), as well as a detailed evaluation of the welfare impact of a single policy intervention (chapter "The Example of India's National Workfare Scheme") that precisely captures selected outcomes.