The monograph presents modern views on the nonrespiratory function of the lungs in surgical sepsis. The authors substantiate the main stages of the experimental research and reveal biological regularities of compensatory-adaptive processes of lung barrier function rearrangement in the development of surgical sepsis. This monograph is based on the results of fundamental research on the identification of new patterns of interrelationships of the organism as a whole biological object, in the process of conflict of micro and macroorganisms.