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An Introduction to Behavior Analysis

Autor GJ Madden
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 12 mai 2021
Explore a fascinating introductory treatment of the principles of behavior analysis written by three leading voices in the field
An Introduction to Behavior Analysis delivers an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications of behavior analysis for students of behavior analysis. Written from the ground up to capture and hold student interest, the book keeps its focus on practical issues.
This book offers readers sound analyses of Pavlovian and operant learning, reinforcement and punishment, motivation and stimulus control, language and rule-following, decision-making and clinical behvior analysis. With fully up to date empirical research references and theoretical content, An Introduction to Behavior Analysis thoroughly justifies every principle it describes with empirical support and explicitly points out where more data are required.
The text encourages students to analyze their own experiences and some foundational findings in the field in a way that minimizes jargon and maximizes engagement. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:
  • A clear articulation and defense of the philosophical assumptions and overarching goals of behavior analysis.
  • A thorough description of objective data collection, experimental methods, and data analysis in the context of psychology
  • An exploration of the core principles of behavior analysis, presented at a level comprehensible to an introductory audience
  • A broad array of principles that cover issues as varied as language, substance-use disorders, and common psychological disorders
Perfect for students taking their first course in behavior analysis or behavior modification, An Introduction to Behavior Analysis will also earn a place in the libraries of students pursuing certification through the Behavior Analysis Certification Board or taking courses in the applied psychological sciences.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781119126539
ISBN-10: 1119126533
Pagini: 464
Dimensiuni: 190 x 245 x 29 mm
Greutate: 1.11 kg
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Chichester, United Kingdom

Notă biografică

Gregory J. Madden, PhD, is a Professor of Psychology at Utah State University. His research foci are on impulsivity, drug-taking, pollution control, and health decision-making. He was Editor-in-Chief of the APA Handbook of Behavior Analysis and the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. He is a Fellow of the Association for Behavior Analysis International. Derek D. Reed, PhD, BCBA-D, is a Professor of Applied Behavioral Science at the University of Kansas. His research applies behavioral economic concepts to inform public policy and address issues of societal importance. He has served as Associate Editor for The Psychological Record, Behavior Analysis in Practice, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, and Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Florence D. DiGennaro Reed, PhD, BCBA-D, is an Associate Professor of Applied Behavioral Science at the University of Kansas. Her research examines effective and efficient staff training and performance improvement practices in human service settings. She also conducts translational research in on-campus laboratory facilities. Dr. DiGennaro Reed has served as Associate Editor for Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, Journal of Behavioral Education, and Behavior Analysis in Practice.

Cuprins

AN INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS Note: Each chapter includes several brief fill-in-the-blank reading quizzes with answers provided at the back of each chapter. Chapter 1 - An Introduction to Behavior Analysis- What Is Behavior? 1 What Is Behavior Analysis? 3 The Assumptions of Behavior Analysis- 6 Scientific Method- 12 What are the Determinants of Behavior? - 15 The Activities of Behavior Analysis? - 17 Summary - 20 Chapter 2: Understanding Behavioral Research Variables - 24 Correlation vs. Causation - 24 Experiments - 25 Measuring Behavior - 27 Outcome Recording - 33 Event Recording - 36 Interval Recording - 39 Duration Recording - 41 Summary - 43 Chapter 3: Experimental Designs in Behavior Analysis Group Experimental Designs - 49 Single-Subject Experimental Designs - 51 Comparison (A-B) Design- 52 Reversal (A-B-A) Design- 54 Alternating- Treatments Design- 55 Multiple- Baseline Designs- 57 Did Behavior Change- Visual Analysis of Time-Series Data - 64 Summary - 76 Chapter 4: Phylogenetic Behavior and Pavlovian Learning Phylogenetically Select Behavior- 83 Pavlovian Learning - 86 Pavlovian Conditioning of Emotions - 89 What is Learned During Pavlovian Conditioning? - 93 Principles of Effective Pavlovian Conditioning- 95 Generalization - 101 Pavlovian- Extinction-Based Therapy - 103 Extra Box 1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans - 107 Pavlovian Conditioning in Everyday Life - 108 Summary - 111 Chapter 5: Operant Learning I: Reinforcement Operant Behavior - 117 Response- Consequence Contingencies - 119 Noncontingent Consequences - 122 Changing Behavior with Contingent Consequences - 124 Extra Box: Noncontingent Consequences in North Korea - 125 Reinforcers, Reinforcement, and Rewards - 126 The Discovery of Reinforcement- 127 How to Tell if a Consequence Functions as a Reinforcer - 128 From Puzzle Boxes to Skinner Boxes - 130 Response Variability: Exploring and Exploiting - 131 Extra Box 2: Add Some Variability to Your Life - 132 The Generic Nature of Operant Behavior - 133 Not Every Consequence Functions as a Reinforcer -134 Reinforcement in Social Media and Video Games - 137 Summary - 138 Chapter 6: Operant Learning II: Positive and Negative Reinforcement Positive and Negative Reinforcement - 143 Positive Reinforcement - 143 Negative Reinforcement - 146 Extra Box: What is the Consequence in SRA-? 151 Positive or Negative Reinforcement, Is There Really a Difference? 153 Using Reinforcement to Positively Influence Behavior - 155 Reinforcement in the Workplace - 156 Three Objections to Reinforcement - 157 Theories of Reinforcement - 162 Summary - 165 Chapter 7: Extinction and Differential Reinforcement Operant Extinction Following Positive Reinforcement - 170 Operant Extinction Following Negative Reinforcement - 171 How Quickly Will Operant Extinction Work? - 174 Spontaneous Recovery of Operant Behavior - 175 Extra Box: How Extinction Informs Theories of Reinforcement - 177 Extinction- Induced Emotional Behavior -179 Extinction Burst - 179 Extinction-Induced Variability- 180 Extinction- Induced Resurgence- 181 Using Extinction to Positively Influence Behavior - 184 Functional Analysis of Self-Injurious Behavior- 186 Differential Reinforcement - 187 Summary - 193 Chapter 8: Primary and Conditioned Reinforcement, and Shaping- page 200 Primary Reinforcers - 201 Conditioned Reinforcers - 202 The Token Economy - 204 Arranging Effective Conditioned Reinforcers - 207 Extra Box 1: Conditioned Reinforcers in Zoos- 210 Clicker Training with Humans - 211 Shaping - 213 Extra Box 2: Shaping Animal Behavior on the Farm- 214 Principles of Effective Shaping- 217 Automating Shaping: Percentile Schedules of Reinforcement - 222 Summary - 224 Chapter 9: Motivation, Reinforcer Efficacy, and Habit Formation Everyday Concepts of Motivation - 230 From Motivation to Motivating Operations- 232 Extra Box 1: The Cost of Mentalistic Reasoning - 236 Identifying Effective Reinforcers: The "Liking" Strategy - 237 Extra Box 2: Avoiding Circularity - The Premack Principle - 241 Measuring Reinforcer Efficacy - 243 Dimensions of Effective Reinforcers - 245 Habit Formation - 248 Summary - 252 Chapter 10: Punishment Punishers and Punishment - 259 Two Kinds of Punishment - Both Decrease Behavior - 261 When Should We Punish? - 264 Extra Box: Punishment is the Norm - Using it Effectively is Humane - 266 Six Characteristics of Effective Punishment Interventions - 266 Primary and Conditioned Punishment - 272 Some Commonly Used Punishers' - 274 The Watchful Eye of the Punisher - 277 The Role of Reinforcement in the Act of Punishing - 279 Summary - 281 Chapter 11: Complex Contingencies of Reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement - 290 Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement - 291 The Behavioral Economics of Ratio Schedules- 297 Interval Schedules of Reinforcement - 302 Why Study Schedules of Reinforcement? - 308 Extra Box: Contingency Management - 309 Schedule Thinning - 310 Scheduling Reinforcers to Enhance Human Performance and Happiness - 313 Summary - 313 Chapter 12: Antecedent Stimulus Control Phylogenetic and Pavlovian Stimulus Control - 322 Discriminated Operant Behavior - 322 Discrimination Training - 330 Extra Box 1: Direct Instruction of Reading Skills - 333 Generalization - 335 Stimulus-Response Chains - 340 Extra Box 2: Consciousness - 343 Summary - 345 Chapter 13: Choice - page 351 What is Choice? - 352 Four Variables Affecting Choice - 353 Choosing Between Uncertain Outcomes - 357 Herrnstein's Matching Equation- 358 Extra Box 1: The Matching Law, Terrorism, and White Nationalism - 364 Substitutes- 366 Extra Box 2: What Substitutes for Drug Reinforcers? - 367 Using the Matching Law to Positively Influence Behavior - 368 Impulsivity and Self-Control - 372 Inluencing Impulsive Choice- 378 Summary - 380 Chapter 14: Verbal Behavior, Rule-Following, and Clinical Behavior Analysis Behavioral Approaches to Language - 391 Rules and Rule-Governed Behavior - 401 Breaking the Rules in Clinical Psychology - 408 Extra Box: If Thoughts are Important, Prepare to Suffer - 410 The Acceptance in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy- 411 The Commitment in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy- 412 Summary - 414 Appendix: Foundational Knowledge Accompanying the BACB Fifth Edition Task List - 421