In recent years the analysis of random network structures has become an important issue in various applications. This book illustrates results from two inter-disciplinary projects which focused on the analysis of networks. The first project deals with the modelling and the fitting of network structures that occur in the field of telecommunication. In particular, street systems but also telecommunication networks on nationwide scales are analysed with respect to their geometrical structures and cost characteristics connected to them. In the second project intracellular structures in human cells are examined. In particular, network structures formed by the cytoskeleton (actin and keratin) are investigated with respect to their both geometric and random nature. Innovative techniques from spatial statistics and image analysis are developed and applied in order to perform a structural analysis of these networks. Thereby the usefulness of these techniques is impressively demonstrated by applying them in different settings on either a macroscopic or a nanoscopic scale.