Beginning with the transition from hunter-gatherer societies in the Neolithic period, this book traces the evolution of agriculture from the initial struggle to engage creatively with the landscape to the full 'agroscape' of the late Iron Age. Much of the evidence for prehistoric agriculture, especially for the late Iron Age, has been subjected to experimental research at the Butser Ancient Farm Research Project in Hampshire, of which the author has been the director; many of the latest results of that research have been incorporated into the text, enhancing theory with practical probability.