The proposed Andean Regional Initiative recognises that the problem of illegal drug trade must be addressed with a two-track strategy. Interdiction and eradication efforts must be accompanied with financial assistance that strengthens legal economic activity and democratic institutions. The problem of drugs and violence in the Andean region will not be solved unless more effort is put into improving the social and economic conditions that create the breeding ground for illegal activities. For this reason, the Andean Regional Initiative devotes substantial resources to improve the quality of life for the rural poor and assists in the creation of legal employment opportunities. It also aims to strengthen democratic institutions, combat corruption and make justice systems more accessible and efficient for all citizens. This book delves into the mire of issues that the Andean Regional Initiative has created and discusses the most volatile and recent ones.