This monograph presents a study of the most significant book in the history of anatomy, Fleming Andreas Vesalius’ (1514-1564) De humani corporis fabrica. Vesalius’ Fabrica was immediately recognised as changing the view of the human body when it was published in 1543, and it remains iconic today. Despite this, little has been written about Vesalius’ later revisions and corrections to the work, as well as his annotations leading up to the book. The author addresses this lacuna by examining the Fabrica from its inception in Paris in the 1530s, through its publication in 1543, to subsequent revisions and its present status as an expensive treasure. The book also contains new discoveries about the period of Vesalius’ earliest publications from 1537-8, the printing and production of the 1543 Fabrica, and the extensive remaking of the 1555 edition. Chapters also explore Vesalius’ background in new humanist medicine and anatomical teaching in Paris and Italy, the verbal message that the Fabrica was intended to convey, and the immediate responses to the book.