Present Volume 4 of the series, Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation comprises the vast body of research on the subject and has been designed in such a way as to serve the purpose of the biologists, ecologists, environmentalists and conservationists. This volume includes twenty one original research articles written by eminent researchers from within India and abroad, the notable amongst which include: Taxonomy and Systematics of Calanoid Copepods Taxonomic Account of Earthworm Species Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects Diversity of Spiders Associated with Human Habitations Bauplan, Functional Characteristics and Ecotoxicological Threats of Freshwater Sponge External Morphological Study of Horse Mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus Aleev Low-Extraction Selective Logging and Avifaunal Recovery Habitat Predictors of Two Sympatric Pheasant Species - A Conservation Approach Population Roosting, Food and Breeding Habits of Barn Owl, Tyto alba Studies on the Feeding Ecology of Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Vertebrate Faunal Diversity with Special Reference to Avifauna A Comparison on the Population Status of Captive Asian Elephant Elephas maximus and Its Implications for Long-term Conservation Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) in Similipal Tiger Reserve Natural History, Distribution and Status of Martes flavigula Current Status and Conservation Initiatives of The Indian White Backed Vulture, Gyps bengalensis Gmelin The studies included are likely to lead further researches in this direction and it is hoped that this publication would attract world wide audience of academicians, students, researchers and scientists of allied disciplines engaged in the research of animal ecology and reproduction, conservation and management of living beings."