Annual Editions: Annual Editions: Personal Growth & Behavior
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780073079066
ISBN-10: 0073079065
Pagini: 240
Dimensiuni: 212 x 276 x 12 mm
Greutate: 0.53 kg
Ediția:2004-2005
Editura: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill
Seria Annual Editions: Personal Growth & Behavior
ISBN-10: 0073079065
Pagini: 240
Dimensiuni: 212 x 276 x 12 mm
Greutate: 0.53 kg
Ediția:2004-2005
Editura: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill
Seria Annual Editions: Personal Growth & Behavior
Cuprins
UNIT 1. Becoming a Person: Foundations 1. The Identity Question: What Makes You You?, Melissa Abramovitz, Current Health 2, April/May 2002
The development of self-identity is important. Identity determines who you are, your attitudes, your values, your ability to interact with others, and a multitude of other important psychological phenomena. How and why self-identity comes into being is the main thrust of this article.
2. What Freud Got Right, Fred Guterl, Newsweek, November 11, 2002
Modern researchers using brain imaging techniques are finding surprising support for Freudian concepts. Such research is showing that Freud¿s concept of instincts (e.g., aggression), his notion that humans deceive themselves, and his ideas that dreams are important are finding backing from some of today¿s scientists. 3. Skepticism of Caricatures: B.F. Skinner Turns 100, Scott Gaynor, Skeptical Inquirer, January/February 2004
Noted American behaviorist B. F. Skinner would turn 100 this year were he still alive. His theory of human behavior dominated psychology for decades. Today, there are many myths about what Skinner said and what his work really demonstrated. The author of this article deftly examines each myth and shatters it using Skinner¿s own words. 4. Past, Present, or Future? Which Type Are You?, Raj Persaud, Psychology Review, November 2002
Another school of thought about human psychology is that people can be described by traits or categorized into types. Zimbardo¿s concept of time-oriented personality types is reviewed by author Raj Persaud. The three basic categories are past, present, and future types. A balance of each type is probably best.
UNIT 2. Determinants of Behavior: Motivation, Environment, and Physiology
5. What Makes You Who You Are, Matt Ridley, Time, June 2, 2003
The debate about what shapes us most, environment or genes, is very old. After combing through the data, some scientists are certain that it is a combination of nature and nurture, not one or the other, that determines who we are and how we behave.
6. The Tangled Skeins of Nature and Nurture in Human Evolution, Paul R. Ehrlich, The Chronicle of Higher Education, September 22, 2000
Are we slaves to our genes or does culture modify our psyche and behaviors? According to Paul Ehrlich, attributes of an organism are the product of the interaction between biology and culture or learning.
7. Nature vs. Nurture: Two Brothers With Schizophrenia, Norman L. Keltner, Christopher A. James, Rani J. Darling, Lisa S. Findley, and Kelli Oliver, Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, July/September 2001
The case of two brothers with schizophrenia is presented. Each brother was affected by multiple but sometimes different causal factors, leading the author to discuss various implications for the nature/nurture controversy. 8. The Blank Slate, Steven Pinker, Discover, October 2002
A few scientists come down heavily on the genetic explanation for human nature. That is, scientists such as Steven Pinker discredit the notion that parents mold their children. Instead, our inherited background plays a far greater role.
9. Where We Come From, Nancy Shute, U.S. News & World Report, January 29, 2001
By studying DNA, some humans are now capable of tracing their various inherited or ancestral roots. The usefulness of such knowledge¿good or bad¿is not yet fully understood. 10. The Mutable Brain, Marguerite Holloway, Scientific American, September 2003
Can the brain change after we are born? Is surgery or injury the only way to modify this vital organ? The answer appears to be that different experiences can indeed alter the brain, according to this article. A certain behavior, a particular mental excercise, or some event can transform the brain as revealed in imaging studies. 11. The Truth about Guys and Girls: Is It in Your Head?, Kathiann M. Kowalski, Current Health 2, January 2004
One of the most intriguing questions about the brain is whether it is ¿wired¿ differently in males and females. This article takes a close look at the science behind whether sex differences indeed exist. Besides brain imaging studies, certain skills and various brain disorders such as autism point to real neurological differences between the sexes.
12. Resolved: No More Dumb Resolutions, Jennifer Huget, The Washington Post, January 2, 2002
It is easier to start a new behavior than to give up an old behavior. How to motivate ourselves by using small steps and other techniques is revealed by Jennifer Huget in this insightful article on goals and how to achieve them. 13. Stand and Deliver, Maia Szalavitz, Psychology Today, July/August 2003
Maintaining motivation takes work. Procrastination, which essentially is a gap between incentive and action, is a problem common to many people. Why procrastination is an everyday issue and how to overcome it is the focus of this article.
UNIT 3. Problems Influencing Personal Growth
14. The Biology of Aging, Geoffrey Cowley, Newsweek, Special Issue, Fall/Winter 2001
As people mature, they progress through a variety of age-related changes, some biological and some psychological. Geoffrey Cowley examines these changes and makes predictions about just how long we can live.
15. Four Things You Need to Know About Raising Baby, Joanna Lipari, Psychology Today, July/August 2000
Modern research with infants is demonstrating that babies are not the passive receptacles we once thought they were. Joanna Lipari reveals four myths about infants and how science has altered our thinking about raising babies.
16. Childhood Is for Children, Johann Christoph Arnold, USA Today Magazine, July 2001
The pressure for children to achieve appears to be undermining childhood. Parents and schools are pressuring children to grow up too fast. Johann Arnold suggests that we ought to let children be children.
17. Parenting: The Lost Art, Kay S. Hymowitz, American Educator, Spring 2001
Parents blame schools and schools blame parents for children¿s misconduct and failure. Kay Hymowitz explores this complicated web of blame and helps the reader to better understand today¿s parents and their relationship to their children. 18. What American Schools Can Learn from Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Margaret Zoller Booth and Grace Marie Booth, Phi Delta Kappan, December 2003
The popularity of the Harry Potter books prompted the authors to compare modern American schools and their effects on children to the Hogwarts School. Surprisingly, the authors find much that the fictional school can teach, can be taught by real schools and teachers so that students are more motivated as well as inspired to love learning. 19. What Parents Don¿t Know (Or Won¿t Admit), Sharon Doyle Driedger, Maclean¿s, September 30, 2002
This article examines adolescence. Most parents believe that their teenage children are doing just fine. According to a large-scale poll, the truth is that many of today¿s adolescents are facing difficult problems. One notable difference between families of today and yesteryear is that a supportive community is no longer available to help troubled familes. 20. Understanding the Predictors of Violent Adolecent Behavior, Antonius H. N. Cillessen, USA Today Magazine (Society for the Advancement of Education), May 2002
Youth violence both in middle class and poor inner-city neighborhoods has grabbed the attention of both the media and scientists. Some small amount of conflict between youth peers is predictable. The increase in youth violence and its causes are detailed in this article. 21. Staving Off Middle-Age Spread Requires Portion Control and Plenty of Exercise, Jill Wendholt Silva, Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, June 13, 2003
Baby boomers are discovering how difficult it is to avoid a spreading waistline. In fact, health care professionals now believe that adult obesity may kill more people than does tobacco. The author discusses how to prevent being part of this plague by adopting healthier lifestyles in adulthood.
22. The Funmasters, Priscilla Grant, AARP Modern Maturity, July/August 2002
In a recent survey, middle-aged Americans were asked what they do to keep busy and happy. The results were compared to answers from people from other age groups. The results may surprise and inspire you. 23. Staying Alive, Karen Wright, Discover, November 2003
Life spans around the world are soaring, with the United States leading the way. Better health care, new life extension techniques, and greater understanding of life expectancy have contributed to the increase in life expectancy. Karen Wright discusses whether this trend will continue and introduces the reader to several individuals among the oldest of the old.
24. Start the Conversation, AARP Modern Maturity, September/October 2000
Death is a stigmatized topic in American society. This article is designed to motivate people to assess their own feelings about death, to plan for the future, and to feel more comfortable with the issue.
UNIT 4. Relating to Others
25. Got Time for Friends?, Andy Steiner, Utne, September/October 2001
Andy Steiner discusses the value of friends and friendship. Society, he claims, pressures adults¿unlike children¿to become more independent of friends. Steiner concludes that we need to maintain or rekindle adult friendships for the sake of our psychological and physical health.
26. What¿s Your Emotional IQ?, Melissa Abramovitz, Current Health 2, December 2001
Emotional intelligence (EQ) is an important personality characteristic. It involves awareness of and insight into the emotions of self and others. Emotional intelligence may be as important as IQ.
27. Nurturing Empathy, Julia Glass, Parenting, June/July 2001
Empathy (or experiencing another¿s feelings) is an important human attribute. How and why empathy unfolds in young childre
n is explained. Tips for parents who want to encourage empathetic behavior in their children are also included. 28. Reading Faces, Richard Conniff, Smithsonian, January 2004
The face is a particularly important method for nonverbal communication between humans. Facial expressions may be as important as the spoken word. Richard Conniff explores research that demonstrates how simple and subtle facial expressions can be detected and interpreted by humans.
29. How to Spot a Liar, James Geary, Time Europe, March 13, 2000
Humans and animals regularly deceive others. Nature, however, provides clues to help others decipher deceit. In humans, the face is a particularly revealing feature, so much so that computers are being programmed to detect liars.
30. Shy Squared, Karen Goldberg Goff, Insight, June 11, 2001
Shyness is more common than once thought. Both learning and heredity play parts in producing shy children. What shyness is, how shy people respond to others, and how to overcome shyness are showcased in this article. 31. Calling It Off, Pamela Paul, Time (Bonus Section Connections), October 2003
The divorce rate is high, but so too is the break-up rate of romantic relationships. One in five singles say they have broken off an engagement. The reasons are myriad.
32. American Families Are Drifting Apart, Barbara LeBey, USA Today Magazine (Society for the Advancement of Education), September 2001
Social scientists are examining the decline of the American family. From mobile family members living far from their relatives to those engaged in out and out family conflict, fewer American families remain intact. This article provides both anecdotal and statistical evidence to explore this issue and its myriad causes.
33. Forgiveness: Who Does It and How Do They Do It?, Michael E. McCullough, Current Directions in Psychological Science, December 2001
When someone transgresses against us, normal responses are to seek revenge or to avoid the transgressor. Forgiveness may be the healthiest response and research has revealed which people are the most likely to forgive.
UNIT 5. Dynamics of Personal Adjustment: The Individual and Society
34. The Betrayal of the American Man, Susan Faludi, Newsweek, September 13, 1999
After the feminist revolution, American men were left wondering what the ideal man is. Susan Faludi traces the evolving masculine gender role. 35. Suspicious Minds: Too Much Trust Can Actually Be a Bad Thing¿A Polity of Suckers Is No Better Than a Nation of Cynics, Jedediah Purdy, The Atlantic Monthly, January/February 2003
This article discusses the decline of trust in America. Faith in others and in certain institutions has been declining for several decades. Purdy details the declines in trust in business and government. Along with decreases in these two types of trust, interpersonal trust has also diminished. The author also discusses some of the reasons for this deterioration.
36. Nobody Left to Hate, Elliot Aronson, The Humanist, May/June 2000
Negative school climate can alienate students and foster racial and ethnic prejudice. Elliot Aronson discusses his method, known as the jigsaw classroom, as a means to reduce such alienation and to promote racial harmony. 37. Fiftieth Anniversary: Brown vs. Board of Education, Brian Willoughby, Teaching Tolerance, Spring 2004
The year 2004 is the 50th anniversary of the historic Supreme Court ruling that ended segregation in public schools. This insightful article chronicles this historic event and examines whether racial prejudice and discrimination indeed have ended in the United States. 38. The Social Net, Bruce Bower, Science News, May 4, 2002
Almost half of all American households now possess internet access. This new means for finding information and communicating creates one large, unpredictable experiment in social interaction. Some scientists regard the internet as an opportunity to make and keep new friends; others view the internet as a means to pull people away from real-world interactions and make them less concerned about their real communities.
39. How to Multitask, Catherine Bush, New York Times Magazine, April 8, 2001
We are asked to complete many tasks in our daily lives¿often several tasks at the same time. How we can motivate ourselves to be better at multitasking and not to feel disappointed when we fail are topics covered in this article. The role of the brain in such complex situations is also explained.
40. Work, Work, Work, Work!, Mark Hunter, AARP Modern Maturity, May/June 1999
The biggest part of adult time is spent at work because the lines between our private lives and our working lives are blurring. Survival tips for coping with the increased pressure to work, work, work are part of this informative article. 41. The Difficult Task of Defining and Understanding Terrorism, Naji Abi-Hashem, International Psychology Reporter, Fall/Winter 2002
Terrorism is not an easy concept to define, yet it is essential that we understand what terrorism is. Terrorism is a behavior, but what makes a terrorist a terrorist remains highly controversial. 42. The Collateral Psychological Damage of War, Ralph Hyatt, USA Today Magazine (Society for the Advancement of Education), September 2003
Fatigue, battle wounds, death all around, and fear envelope war zone soldiers and cause psychological disorders. A common war-related disorder is post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. Civilians who witness war can also be casualties of PTSD and other disorders.
UNIT 6. Enhancing Human Adjustment: Learning to Cope Effectively 43. Are We Becoming a Nation of Depressives?, Kevin Turnquist, The Humanist, September/October 2002
Is depression a Western disorder? Why is depression on the rise despite new teatments and better diagnostic methods? This essay investigates the answer to these and other important questions. 44. Dear Reader: Get a Life, Pamela Paul, Psychology Today, August 2003
Talk show therapists and advice columnists are more popular than ever. They are also bolder and therefore perhaps more effective than talk show therapists and columnists of old. Why this may be true is explored in this article. 45. The 10 Rules of Change, Stan Goldberg, Psychology Today, September/October 2002
Many individuals prefer to attempt self-change rather than formal therapy. There are tried and true methods for reinventing yourself. Ten such ¿rules¿ are presented in this article¿for example, ¿being¿ is easier than ¿becoming¿.