Natural products are the main source of antibiotics. Despite the huge expectation of synthetic molecules with effective antimicrobial properties, natural products are still a worth promise. Actinomycetes are useful biological tools for the production of antimicrobials against fungi and bacteria. Due to the large geographical difference and variations in soil type the distribution of antibiotic producing actinomycetes in Western Ghats also variable. This book describes actinomycetes from Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu with its antimicrobial properties.