Single grain separation for contact-free detection of externally identifiable and measurable separation parameters is defined as sensor-based sorting. This technology revolutionised the design of dry separation processes in the field of waste treatment as well as in mineral processing methods. These techniques allow the design of recovery processes with increased sorting efficiency. This leads to increased resource efficiency and therefore to a higher grade of sustainability.The bi-annual conference "Sensor-based Sorting" held in Aachen arrests interest for this technology. This could easily be proven with the steadily growing number of conference participants. Researchers, appliers and plant operators are attracted by the chance to get latest information about new developments, ideas and tendencies considering sensor-based sorting. This monograph contains an excerpt of the presentations that were held at the conference during the years 2008 to 2010.