This book investigates the interwar periods following World War I, World War II, and Vietnam. During each period the Army message to Congress is explored. The book also examines downsizing effects on training, morale, and readiness. Post-Cold War Army downsizing is compared and contrasted to each period covered in the study. Following major U.S. conflicts the Army's difficulties with training resources, poor morale, and readiness have been consistent. Additionally, the army leadership's message to Congress has been relatively unchanged throughout each period. The Army's situation was no different following the downsizing programs of the early 1990s. This book emphasizes the relevance of comparing the Army of the downsizing 1990s to the downsizing periods of the past.