Based on the history of the German-language »Encyclopaedia Judaica,« the author studies Jewish knowledge cultures during the 19th and 20th centuries. The »Encyclopaedia Judaica« first appeared in Berlin between 1928 and 1934. It was the fruit of the work of many Jewish authors, scholars and politicians from various countries who took up the ideas of other, existing encyclopedias and expanded on them. Using the history of the »Encyclopaedia Judaica« as an example, Arndt Engelhardt traces the paths of Jewish knowledge cultures in the 19th and 20th centuries. He interprets the publication of these volumes as the strategic attempt to create a new Jewish canon of culture and science in modern times.