Aspects of Western Civilization, Volume 2: Problems and Sources in History
Editat de Perry M. PH.D. Rogersen Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 ian 2010
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780205708321
ISBN-10: 0205708323
Pagini: 437
Dimensiuni: 185 x 229 x 25 mm
Greutate: 0.66 kg
Ediția:7Nouă
Editura: Prentice Hall
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States
ISBN-10: 0205708323
Pagini: 437
Dimensiuni: 185 x 229 x 25 mm
Greutate: 0.66 kg
Ediția:7Nouă
Editura: Prentice Hall
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States
Descriere
This reader is appropriate as a main text or a supplementary text for introductory-level survey courses in Western Civilization and European History and Civilization.
Aspects of Western Civilization : Problems and Sources in History, Volume 2, 7/e, challenges students with basic questions regarding historical development, human nature, moral action, and practical necessity. This collection of diverse primary sources explores a wide variety of issues and is organized around seven major themes: the Power Structure, Social and Spiritual Values, the Institution and the Individual, Imperialism, Revolution and Historical Transition, the Varieties of Truth, and Women in History.
Aspects of Western Civilization : Problems and Sources in History, Volume 2, 7/e, challenges students with basic questions regarding historical development, human nature, moral action, and practical necessity. This collection of diverse primary sources explores a wide variety of issues and is organized around seven major themes: the Power Structure, Social and Spiritual Values, the Institution and the Individual, Imperialism, Revolution and Historical Transition, the Varieties of Truth, and Women in History.
Cuprins
PREFACE
PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF THE MODERN WORLD
Chapter 1: The Age of the Renaissance and Reformation
SECTION I: THE RENAISSANCE MOVEMENT
The Humanist Movement
Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486), Pico della Mirandola
The Soul of Man (1474), Marcilio Ficino
The Political Life of Florence
The Rule of Cosimo de’Medici, Vespasiano
The Prince: “Everyone Sees What You Appear to Be, Few Perceive What You Are”
Niccolò Machiavelli
SECTION II: THE REFORMATION ERA
The Lutheran Reformation
“How Many Sins Are Committed in a Single Day?” (1517), Johann Tetzel
Salvation Through Faith Alone, Martin Luther
The Ninety-five Theses (1517), Martin Luther
“Here I Stand”: Address at the Diet of Worms (1521), Martin Luther
The Edict of Worms (1521), Emperor Charles V
In the Wake of Luther
John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation
On the Necessity of Reforming the Church (1544), John Calvin
Predestination: Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536), John Calvin
The Catholic Reformation
Spiritual Exercises (1548), Ignatius Loyola
The Council of Trent: Profession of Faith
The Tridentine Index of Books (1564)
Chapter 2: “I Am the State”: The Development of Absolutism in England and France
The English Revolution (1649-1689)
The Struggle for Constitutional Government (1650-1660)
“The Mortal God”: Leviathan (1651), Thomas Hobbes
The Instrument of Government (December 16, 1653)
Cromwell Denies the Crown (May 8, 1657), Oliver Cromwell
The Reflection in the Mirror: Oliver Cromwell: The Lord Protector
“To You Our Country Owes Its Liberties” John Milton
“Guilty of Crimes for which Hell-Fire Is Prepared”, Edward Hyde
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution (1660-1689)
“A Force Sufficient to Defend Us from the Violence of Those Evil Counsellors”, William of Orange
The Bill of Rights (1689)
The Absolutism of Louis XIV
The Theory of Divine-Right Monarchy
The Ideal Absolute State (1697), Jean Domat
Politics and Scripture (1679), Jacques Benigne Bossuet
The Sun King and the Practice of Absolute Rule
“Vanity Was His Ruin”, The Duke of Saint-Simon
Letters to His Heirs: “Allow Good Sense to Act”, King Louis XIV
“A Frightful Plot”: The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, The Duke of Saint-Simon
The Artistic Vision: The Palace of Versailles
“A Celebration of Greatness”, Jean Colbert
Visible Majesty, King Louis XIV
Chapter 3: “Dare to Know!”: The Scientific Revolution
Science and the Church
The Heliocentric Statement (ca. 1520), Nicolaus Copernicus
On the Movement of the Earth (1543), Nicolaus Copernicus
Science and the Bible: “They Would Have Us Abandon Reason” (1615), Galileo Galilei
The Reflection in the Mirror: Galileo Absolved: The Resolution
“Science and Faith Are Both Gifts from God” (1993) Pope John Paul II
The Foundations of Modern Science
The Advancement of Learning (1605), Sir Francis Bacon
“I Think, Therefore I Am”: Discourse on Method (1637), René Eescartes
Against the Grain: On the Circulation of the Blood (1628)
“A Motion, As It Were, In a Circle” William Harvey
Principles of Analysis–Induction and God: Optics (1704) Sir Isaac Newton
Chapter 4: The Enlightenment and the Revolution of the Mind
Thoughts on the Human Condition and Human Progress
The Blank Slate of the Mind: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) John Locke
Against the Grain: On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
“The Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number”, Cesare Beccaria
Thoughts on Religion
God–“A Cause Contradicted by Its Effects”: Common Sense (1770), Baron d’Holbach
On Universal Toleration, Voltaire
“If God Did Not Exist, He Would Have to Be Invented”, Voltaire
Thoughts on Education
Introduction to the Encyclopedia (1751), Jean Le Rond d’Alembert
“We Did Not Live Entirely in Vain” (1764), Denis Diderot
Thoughts on Government: The Political Framework
Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690), John Locke
The Spirit of the Laws (1748), Baron de montesquieu
The Social Contract (1762), Jean Jacques Rousseau
The Declaration of Independence (1776), Thomas Jefferson
Thoughts on Women: The Social Framework
Woman: “Especially Constituted to Please Man”, Jean Jacques Rousseau
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft
Thoughts on Commerce: The Economic Framework
The Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith
PART II : THE ERA OF REVOLUTION
Chapter 5: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!”: The French Revolution
Conditions of Society on the Eve of Revolution
The Corruption of the French Court, Marquis d’Argenson
“Ancient Oaks Mutilated by Time” , Marquis de Bouille
The Grievances of Carcassonne
Beggars, Rags, and Misery, Arthur Young
The Outbreak of Revolution (1789—1791)
“What Is the Third Estate?” (January 1789), the Abbé Aieyès
Women of the Third Estate: “We Ask to Be Enlightened” (January 1789)
The Tennis Court Oath (June 29, 1789)
The Fall of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)
Declaration of the Rights of Man (August 27, 1789)
Against the Grain: The Flip Side of Liberty
Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791), Olympe de Gouges
Reflections on the Revolution (1790), Edmund Burke
The Radicalization of the Revolution (1792—1794)
The Fall of Louis XVI (1792-1793)
The Execution of Louis XVI (January 21, 1793), Henry Edgeworth de Firmont
Proclamation of the Convention to the French People (January 23, 1793)
Reflections on Louis XVI, Mme Roland
The Reflection in the Mirror: A Revolutionary Reality Check
An Update on the Political Rights of Women (1793)
The Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
“You Would Exterminate All Your Enemies by the Guillotine!” (December 20, 1793), Camille Desmoulins
The Artistic Vision: Jean-Claude Marat: “The Martyr of the Revolution”
The Death of Marat (1793), Jacques-Louis David
“Virtue and Terror”: Speech to the Convention (February 5, 1794), Maximilien Robespierre
The Administration of Terror (June 10, 1794)
The Execution of Robespierre (July 28, 1794), Durand de Maillane
Chapter 6: Paths of Glory: Napoleon and the Romantic Movement
The Napoleonic Era (1796-1815)
The Will to Power (1796-1802)
On the Realities of Power (1796), Napoleon Bonaparte
Suppression of the Newspapers (1800)
Articles for the Catholic Church (1802)
The Imperial Mantle (1804-1806)
“The Only Salvation Lies in Hereditary Power” (December 1804), Napoleon Bonaparte
Why the French Submitted to Napoleon’s Rule (1804), Comtesse de Rémusat
The Imperial Catechism (April 1806)
Exile and Death: The Hero in History
Napoleon in Exile: “We Stand as Martyrs to an Immortal Cause!”, Napoleon Bonaparte
The Role of Great Men in History, G. W. F. Hegel
PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF THE MODERN WORLD
Chapter 1: The Age of the Renaissance and Reformation
SECTION I: THE RENAISSANCE MOVEMENT
The Humanist Movement
Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486), Pico della Mirandola
The Soul of Man (1474), Marcilio Ficino
The Political Life of Florence
The Rule of Cosimo de’Medici, Vespasiano
The Prince: “Everyone Sees What You Appear to Be, Few Perceive What You Are”
Niccolò Machiavelli
SECTION II: THE REFORMATION ERA
The Lutheran Reformation
“How Many Sins Are Committed in a Single Day?” (1517), Johann Tetzel
Salvation Through Faith Alone, Martin Luther
The Ninety-five Theses (1517), Martin Luther
“Here I Stand”: Address at the Diet of Worms (1521), Martin Luther
The Edict of Worms (1521), Emperor Charles V
In the Wake of Luther
John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation
On the Necessity of Reforming the Church (1544), John Calvin
Predestination: Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536), John Calvin
The Catholic Reformation
Spiritual Exercises (1548), Ignatius Loyola
The Council of Trent: Profession of Faith
The Tridentine Index of Books (1564)
Chapter 2: “I Am the State”: The Development of Absolutism in England and France
The English Revolution (1649-1689)
The Struggle for Constitutional Government (1650-1660)
“The Mortal God”: Leviathan (1651), Thomas Hobbes
The Instrument of Government (December 16, 1653)
Cromwell Denies the Crown (May 8, 1657), Oliver Cromwell
The Reflection in the Mirror: Oliver Cromwell: The Lord Protector
“To You Our Country Owes Its Liberties” John Milton
“Guilty of Crimes for which Hell-Fire Is Prepared”, Edward Hyde
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution (1660-1689)
“A Force Sufficient to Defend Us from the Violence of Those Evil Counsellors”, William of Orange
The Bill of Rights (1689)
The Absolutism of Louis XIV
The Theory of Divine-Right Monarchy
The Ideal Absolute State (1697), Jean Domat
Politics and Scripture (1679), Jacques Benigne Bossuet
The Sun King and the Practice of Absolute Rule
“Vanity Was His Ruin”, The Duke of Saint-Simon
Letters to His Heirs: “Allow Good Sense to Act”, King Louis XIV
“A Frightful Plot”: The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, The Duke of Saint-Simon
The Artistic Vision: The Palace of Versailles
“A Celebration of Greatness”, Jean Colbert
Visible Majesty, King Louis XIV
Chapter 3: “Dare to Know!”: The Scientific Revolution
Science and the Church
The Heliocentric Statement (ca. 1520), Nicolaus Copernicus
On the Movement of the Earth (1543), Nicolaus Copernicus
Science and the Bible: “They Would Have Us Abandon Reason” (1615), Galileo Galilei
The Reflection in the Mirror: Galileo Absolved: The Resolution
“Science and Faith Are Both Gifts from God” (1993) Pope John Paul II
The Foundations of Modern Science
The Advancement of Learning (1605), Sir Francis Bacon
“I Think, Therefore I Am”: Discourse on Method (1637), René Eescartes
Against the Grain: On the Circulation of the Blood (1628)
“A Motion, As It Were, In a Circle” William Harvey
Principles of Analysis–Induction and God: Optics (1704) Sir Isaac Newton
Chapter 4: The Enlightenment and the Revolution of the Mind
Thoughts on the Human Condition and Human Progress
The Blank Slate of the Mind: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) John Locke
Against the Grain: On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
“The Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number”, Cesare Beccaria
Thoughts on Religion
God–“A Cause Contradicted by Its Effects”: Common Sense (1770), Baron d’Holbach
On Universal Toleration, Voltaire
“If God Did Not Exist, He Would Have to Be Invented”, Voltaire
Thoughts on Education
Introduction to the Encyclopedia (1751), Jean Le Rond d’Alembert
“We Did Not Live Entirely in Vain” (1764), Denis Diderot
Thoughts on Government: The Political Framework
Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690), John Locke
The Spirit of the Laws (1748), Baron de montesquieu
The Social Contract (1762), Jean Jacques Rousseau
The Declaration of Independence (1776), Thomas Jefferson
Thoughts on Women: The Social Framework
Woman: “Especially Constituted to Please Man”, Jean Jacques Rousseau
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft
Thoughts on Commerce: The Economic Framework
The Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith
PART II : THE ERA OF REVOLUTION
Chapter 5: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!”: The French Revolution
Conditions of Society on the Eve of Revolution
The Corruption of the French Court, Marquis d’Argenson
“Ancient Oaks Mutilated by Time” , Marquis de Bouille
The Grievances of Carcassonne
Beggars, Rags, and Misery, Arthur Young
The Outbreak of Revolution (1789—1791)
“What Is the Third Estate?” (January 1789), the Abbé Aieyès
Women of the Third Estate: “We Ask to Be Enlightened” (January 1789)
The Tennis Court Oath (June 29, 1789)
The Fall of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)
Declaration of the Rights of Man (August 27, 1789)
Against the Grain: The Flip Side of Liberty
Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791), Olympe de Gouges
Reflections on the Revolution (1790), Edmund Burke
The Radicalization of the Revolution (1792—1794)
The Fall of Louis XVI (1792-1793)
The Execution of Louis XVI (January 21, 1793), Henry Edgeworth de Firmont
Proclamation of the Convention to the French People (January 23, 1793)
Reflections on Louis XVI, Mme Roland
An Update on the Political Rights of Women (1793)
The Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
“You Would Exterminate All Your Enemies by the Guillotine!” (December 20, 1793), Camille Desmoulins
The Artistic Vision: Jean-Claude Marat: “The Martyr of the Revolution”
The Death of Marat (1793), Jacques-Louis David
“Virtue and Terror”: Speech to the Convention (February 5, 1794), Maximilien Robespierre
The Administration of Terror (June 10, 1794)
The Execution of Robespierre (July 28, 1794), Durand de Maillane
Chapter 6: Paths of Glory: Napoleon and the Romantic Movement
The Napoleonic Era (1796-1815)
The Will to Power (1796-1802)
On the Realities of Power (1796), Napoleon Bonaparte
Suppression of the Newspapers (1800)
Articles for the Catholic Church (1802)
The Imperial Mantle (1804-1806)
“The Only Salvation Lies in Hereditary Power” (December 1804), Napoleon Bonaparte
Why the French Submitted to Napoleon’s Rule (1804), Comtesse de Rémusat
The Imperial Catechism (April 1806)
Exile and Death: The Hero in History
Napoleon in Exile: “We Stand as Martyrs to an Immortal Cause!”, Napoleon Bonaparte
The Role of Great Men in History, G. W. F. Hegel
Against the Grain: Beethoven’s Eroica: “To the Memory of a Great Man”
Portrait of Beethoven, Joseph Karl Stieler
Ode to Joy, Friedrich Schiller
The Romantic Movement (1780-1830)
The Erlking, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Terror and the Macabre: Frankenstein (1818), Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
The Artistic Vision: “The Tyrant of Europe”
Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte, Lord Byron
The Third of May, 1808 , Francisco Goya
Chapter 7: “A World to Win!”: The Industrial Revolution
Rural and Urban Transformations
The Dependent Poor (1795), David Davies
“How Are Men to Provide for Their Families?”: A Workers Petition (1786)
The Urban Landscape
The Factory System
Sybil (1845), Benjamin Disraeli
The Sadler Report: “Not Many as Deformed as I Am” (1832)
Child Labor
A Defense of the Factory System (1835), Andrew Ure
Living Conditions
The Condition of the Working Class in England (1844), Friedrich Engels
The Impact of the Factory System on Women and the Family, Friedrich Engels
Reaction and Reform
Against the Grain: The Horrors of the Slave Trade
“A Scene of Horror Almost Inconceivable” , Olauda Eqiano
“We Can No Longer Plead Ignorance”, William Wilberforce
Law and Liberty: The Liberal Truth
The Iron Law of Wages (1817), David Ricardo
The Chartist Demands (1838)
A Middle-Class Perspective (1859), Samuel Smiles
The Artistic Vision: The Social Perspective by Train
Over London by Rail , Gustave Doré
Third Class Carriage , Honoré Daumier
Visions of a New World: The Socialist Truth
Utopian Socialism (1816), Robert Owen
The Communist Manifesto (1848), Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
The Reflection in the Mirror: A Papal Perspective: Rerum Novarum (1891)
“A Yoke Little Better Than That of Slavery Itself”, Pope Leo XIII
Chapter 8: Fatherland: The Power of Nationalism
Volksgeist: The “Spirit of the People”(1815-1850)
The Conservative Confession of Faith, Prince Klemens von Metternich
Stirrings: The People and the Fatherland, Johann Gottlieb Fichte
The Duties of Man, Giuseppi Mazzini
The Reflection in the Mirror: The Greek Revolution of 1820
“To Avenge Ourselves Against a Frightful Tyranny”
Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1826), Eugène Delacroix
“A Moderate Amount of Happiness for All Men”, Alexis de Tocqueville
1848: “A Great Outburst of Elemental Forces Had Begun”, Carl Schurz
The Political Unification of Italy and Germany (1850-1890)
Proclamation for the Liberation of Sicily (1860), Giuseppe Garibaldi
Address to the Italian Parliament (1871), King Victor Emmanuel II
“We Germans Fear God, and Nothing Else in the World”:
Speech to the Reichstag (1888), Otto von Bismarck
Against the Grain: The Zionist Movement
The Basil Program (1897)
Chapter 9: “Mark Them with Your Dead!”: The Scramble for Global Empire
“Send Forth the Best Ye Breed!”: The Foundations of Imperialism
Racism and the Corruption of Science
The Descent of Man (1871), Charles Darwin
The Standpoint of Science (1900), Karl Pearson
For God and Country
The Mandate System: Britain’s Duty in Egypt (1890) , Joseph Chamberlain
“France Must Be a Great Country!” (1883), Jules Ferry
Germany’s Place in the Sun (1900), Kaiser Wilhelm II
The White Man’s Burden (1899), Rudyard Kipling
“To Seek Another’s Profit and Work Another’s Gain”
“Your New-Caught Sullen Peoples”
Education in India: “The Intrinsic Superiority of Western Literature” (1835), Thomas Babington Macaulay
Foreign Children, Robert Louis Stevenson
“A Natural Inclination to Submit to a Higher Authority” (1893)
Sir Frederick Dealtry Lugard
The Reflection in the Mirror “The Judgment of Your Peers”
The “White Man’s Face”: Terror in the Congo, Frederick Starr
The Battle Hymn of the Republic (Brought Down to Date), Mark Twain
Chapter 10: Fin de Siècle: The Birth of the Modern Era
The Woman Question and Anti-Feminism
Seneca Falls Declaration (1848)
“Sisters of America! Your Sisters of France Are United with You” (1851)
Pauline Roland and Jeanne Deroine
Against Woman Suffrage (1884), Francis Parkman
“The Brain Weight of Women is Five Ounces Less Than That of Men” (1887), George Romanes
Against the Grain: The Independent Woman
A Doll’s House (1879), Henrik Ibsen
“This Is the Logic of Demons!”, Josephine Butler
“I Incite This Meeting to Rebellion” (1912), Emmeline Pankhurst
The Revolt Against Reason
Faith, Love, and Hope: “Enough! Enough!” (1887), Friedrich Nietzsche
“God Is Dead!”, Friedrich Nietzsche
The Artistic Vision: The Insular World of Edvard Munch
Scream (1893), Edvard Munch
PART III: THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND BEYOND
Chapter 11: The Great War (1914-1918)
The Road to War
The Celebration of War
“Without War, No State Could Exist”, Heinrich von Treitschke
“Blind Obedience to Primitive Instincts” (1910), Norman Angell
The Lamps Go Out Over Europe
Statutes of “The Black Hand”
Assassination at Sarajevo: The Plot and Murder (June 28, 1914)
“The Sword is Drawn!” (August 18, 1914), Kaiser Wilhelm II
“They Shall Not Pass”: The Great War (1914-1918)
The Horror of Battle
The Battle of Verdun (February—December 1916)
The Battle of the Somme (July—November 1916)
No Man’s Land, J. Knight-Adkin
“What Are You Fighting For, Michel?”
Against the Grain: Glory in the Skies: The Red Baron
“An Englishman for Breakfast” Baron Manfred von Richthofen
“On the Other Side of the Boundary” Ernst Udet
It Is Sweet and Proper to Die for One’s Country
Five Souls W. N. Ewer
A German War Letter: “One Blood-Soaked, Corpse-Strewn Field” Richard Schiemder
The Artistic Vision: The Nightmare of Otto Dix
Dance of Death in the Year *17: Dead Man Hill
Aftermath: The Light That Failed
“This Is the Way the World Ends”
A German Soldier Returns Home: “A Complete Stranger” Anna Eisenmenger
“If You Want to Endure Life—Prepare for Death” Sigmund Freud
Chapter 12: The Russian Revolution and the Development of the Soviet State (1917—1939)
The Provisional Government (March—November 1917)
“A New, Free Russia Is Born!”: First Declaration of the Provisional Government (March 19, 1917)
The April Theses (April 20, 1917) V. I. Lenin
The Bolshevik Revolution (November—December 1917)
The Overthrow of the Provisional Government: “A New Page in the History of Russia” V. I. Lenin
“Little Good Is To Be Expected” (November 8, 1917) Izvestia
Censorship of the Press (November 9, 1917) V. I. Lenin
Establishment of the Secret Police (December 20, 1917) V. I. Lenin
The Aftermath of Revolution (1917-1928)
State and Revolution: The Transition from Capitalism to Communism (August 1917) V. I. Lenin
“Days of Grueling Work” Alexandra Kollontai
The Communist Emancipation of Women (1920) V. I. Lenin
“Stalin Is Too Rude” (January 4, 1923) V. I. Lenin
Stalin’s Falsification of History (1927) Leon Trotsky
The Development of the Totalitarian State (1928-1938)
The Artistic Vision: The Soviet Creation of Belief
Industrial Worker and Collective Farm Girl (1937) Vera Mukhina
The Soviet Control of Society
Industrialization: “Either Perish or Overtake Capitalistic Countries” (1931) Joseph Stalin
Collectivization and the Liquidation of the Kulaks (1929) Joseph Stalin
“For the Fatherland!” (1936) pravda
The Purge Trials: “Traitors Must Be Shot Like Dirty Dogs!” (1938) Andrei Vyshinsky
The Gulag: “Stalin’s Sadistic Nature Thirsted for Blood!” (1938)
The Reflection in the Mirror The Orwellian World
“Power Is in Tearing Human Minds to Pieces” George Orwell
Chapter 13: Europe between the Wars: Fascism and the Nazi Rise to Power (1919—1939)
The Legacy of World War I
The Rise of Benito Mussolini
“The State’s Authority Was Ready for the Grave” (1922)
The Fascist March on Rome (October 26, 1922)
The Doctrine of Fascism: “This Will Be the Century of the State”
“Germany in Her Deepest Humiliation”
“I Resolved Now to Become a Politician” Adolf Hitler
“Stabbed in the Back” (1919) Paul von Hindenburg
The Treaty of Versailles (1919)
The Weimar Republic
Germany’s Unstable Democracy: The Best and Worst of Times
The Weimar Constitution: Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Germans (1919)
Inflation: “The Boiling Kettle of a Wicked Witch” Lilo Linke
Hitler’s Response to Germany’s Problems
The Nazi Program (1920)
Nazi Political Rally Announcement (February 1921) National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Nazi Appeal and Victory
Nazi Propaganda
Nationalists, Socialists, and Jews (1930) Joseph Goebbels
Free Germany! (1932)
Nazi Victory by the Numbers: Elections to the German Reichstag (1924—1932)
Chancellor to Dictator
Decree for the Protection of the People and State (February 28, 1933)
The Enabling Act (March 24, 1933)
Law Against the New Formation of Parties (July 14, 1933)
Law Concerning the Head of the German State (August 1, 1934)
The Role of the Family in the Nazi State
“Our Fanatical Fellow-Combatants” (September 8, 1934) Adolf Hitler
“The Disenfranchisement of Women” Hanna Schmitt
Hitler Youth: “Tough As Leather, Hard As Krupp Steel” Adolf Hitler
Conversion and Resistance
“Now I Know Which Road to Take” Joseph Goebbels
“I Had Given Him My Heart” Kurt Ludecke
Against the Grain: “Guilty! Guilty! Guilty!”
Leaflets of “The White Rose” (1942) Hans and Sophie Scholl
Chapter 14: “The Abyss Also Looks into You”: War and Holocaust (1939-1945)
The Road to War (1938—1939)
The Czechoslovak Crisis (September 1938—March 1939)
“The Misery of the Sudeten Germans Is Indescribable” (September 12, 1938) Adolf Hitler
“Czechoslovakia Has Ceased to Exist” (March 15, 1939) Adolf Hitler
“I Bitterly Regret What Has Now Occurred” (March 15, 1939) Neville Chamberlain
The Invasion of Poland (September 1939)
“Our Enemies Are Little Worms” (August 22, 1939) Adolf Hitler
“Everything I Have Hoped for Has Crashed into Ruins” (September 3, 1939) Neville Chamberlain
Total War (1939-1943)
The Battlefield and the Homefront
Alone: “Their Finest Hour” (June 18, 1940) Winston Churchill
The Battle of Britain: “So Much Owed by So Many to So Few” (August 20, 1940) Winston Churchill
London Aflame! Mrs. Robert Henrey
“A Date Which Will Live in Infamy” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Women in the Factories: “My Hands Are as Smooth as the Steel I Worked On” Elizabeth Hawes
The Jewish Holocaust (1923-1945)
“The Jews Are the Cause of Our Misfortune!”
The Jewish Peril (April 1923) Adolf Hitler
“Not a Single Jew” (1932)
“I Got You at Last, You Little German Girl!” (1938) Ernst Hiemer
The Radicalization of Anti-Semitism (1938-1941)
“Jewish Ghettos Shall Have to Be Created” (November 12, 1938)
“The Annihilation of the Jewish Race in Europe!” (January 30, 1939) Adolf Hitler
“The Jews Are to Blame!” (1941) Joseph Goebbels
The Final Solution (1942-1945)
“A Complete Solution to the Jewish Question” (July 31, 1941) Hermann Goering
The Wansee Conference (January 20, 1942)
The Death Camps: “Work Makes You Free”
Sites of Nazi Concentration Camps
Genocide Rudolf Hoess
The Pit Hermann Gräbe
Gas Kurt Gerstein
Mobile Killing
Nazi Medical Experiments Dr. Franz Blaha
Commandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Hoess
Against the Grain: Jewish Resistance
Nazi Problems in the Warsaw Ghetto (May 1, 1943) Joseph Goebbels
The Destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto (May 1943) Jürgen Stroop
Manifesto of the Jewish Resistance in Vilna (September 1943)
Götterdämmerung: The Final Destruction (1944—1945)
The D-Day Invasions (June 6, 1944)
The Paratrooper: “He Was Blown Away” Ken Russell
The Assault on Omaha Beach: “I’m Hit! I’m Hit!” Harold Baumgarten
The Reflection in the Mirror Fiftieth Anniversary of D-Day
“When They Were Young, These Men Saved the World” President Bill Clinton
The Vision at Sixty-Five President Barack Obama
The Funeral Oration of Pericles Thucydides
The Aftermath of War
The Destruction of Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) Harry S Truman
Nuremberg: The Crimes of the Nazi Regime Justice Robert H. Jackson
The Existential Perspective (1956) Jean-Paul Sartre
Chapter 15: The Era of the Superpowers: Cold War Confrontation (1945-1990)
Retrenchment (1945-1960)
The Reconstruction of Europe
The Marshall Plan (June 1947) George C. Marshall
Program for the Welfare State: The Beveridge Report
The Retreat from Empire
Vietnam: “Determined to Fight to the Bitter End” (1945) Ho Chi Minh
British Rule in India (1946) JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
The Arab Nationalist Movement and Revolution (1958) Abdul Gamal Nasser
The Cold War (1945—1990)
The “Superpower” Rivalry
The Soviet Victory: Capitalism Versus Communism (February 1946) Joseph Stalin
“An Iron Curtain Has Descended Across the Continent” (March 1946) Sir Winston Churchill
The Truman Doctrine (March 1947) Harry S Truman
Marx Was Wrong: The Flaws of Communism (1953) Theodore White
How to Spot a Communist (1955)
Currents of Dissent
The New Class (1957) Milovan Djilas
“The Victory of Communism Is Inevitable!”:
The Secret Speech (1962) Nikita Khrushchev
Prague Spring: The Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)
“A World Turned Upside Down!”: The Gorbachev Era
Against the Grain: Cracks in the Berlin Wall
“Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!” (June 12, 1987) President Ronald Reagan
Perestroika and the Socialist Renewal of Society (September 11, 1989) Mikhail Gorbachev
Gorbachev’s Resignation: “This Society Has Acquired Freedom” (December 25, 1991) Mikhail Gorbachev
Chapter 16: The Dynamics of Change in the Contemporary World (1990-2010)
Political and Economic Initiatives
A United Germany in a United Europe (June 5, 1990) Helmut Kohl
The Reconciliation of France and Germany (September 24, 1990) François Mitterrand
“Czechoslovakia Is Returning to Europe” (February 21, 1990) Václav Havel
Communism: “Far Away from the Mainstream of Civilization” (December 31, 1999) Vladimir Putin
Monetary Union: Europe’s Global Role (1998) Lawrence H. Summers
Ethnic Strife and Terrorism
Ethnic Strife in Eastern Europe (April 15, 1994) Helmut Tuerk
Crimes Against Humanity: “Ethnic Cleansing” in Serbia (1992)
The Reflection in the Mirror: Balkan Crimes
“We Are Witnesses to a Process of Death in the Balkans” (January 12, 1994) Pope John Paul II
“We Wage a War to Save Civilization Itself” (2001) President George W. Bush
The Islamic World and the West
“Fanaticism Is Not a State of Religion, But a State of Mind” (July 11, 2005) Prime Minister Tony Blair
“This Is Going to Be Freedom’s Century” (March 29, 2006) President George W. Bush
Turkey and the European Union (2009) President Barack Obama
Against the Grain: The Future of the West
“A New Beginning” (June 4, 2009) President Barack Obama
“The Burqa Is Not Welcome in France”: The Press Conference (June 6, 2009)
President Barack Obama and President Nicholas Sarkozy
Portrait of Beethoven, Joseph Karl Stieler
Ode to Joy, Friedrich Schiller
The Romantic Movement (1780-1830)
The Erlking, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Terror and the Macabre: Frankenstein (1818), Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
The Artistic Vision: “The Tyrant of Europe”
Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte, Lord Byron
The Third of May, 1808 , Francisco Goya
Chapter 7: “A World to Win!”: The Industrial Revolution
Rural and Urban Transformations
The Dependent Poor (1795), David Davies
“How Are Men to Provide for Their Families?”: A Workers Petition (1786)
The Urban Landscape
The Factory System
Sybil (1845), Benjamin Disraeli
The Sadler Report: “Not Many as Deformed as I Am” (1832)
Child Labor
A Defense of the Factory System (1835), Andrew Ure
Living Conditions
The Condition of the Working Class in England (1844), Friedrich Engels
The Impact of the Factory System on Women and the Family, Friedrich Engels
Reaction and Reform
Against the Grain: The Horrors of the Slave Trade
“A Scene of Horror Almost Inconceivable” , Olauda Eqiano
“We Can No Longer Plead Ignorance”, William Wilberforce
Law and Liberty: The Liberal Truth
The Iron Law of Wages (1817), David Ricardo
The Chartist Demands (1838)
A Middle-Class Perspective (1859), Samuel Smiles
The Artistic Vision: The Social Perspective by Train
Over London by Rail , Gustave Doré
Third Class Carriage , Honoré Daumier
Visions of a New World: The Socialist Truth
Utopian Socialism (1816), Robert Owen
The Communist Manifesto (1848), Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
The Reflection in the Mirror: A Papal Perspective: Rerum Novarum (1891)
“A Yoke Little Better Than That of Slavery Itself”, Pope Leo XIII
Chapter 8: Fatherland: The Power of Nationalism
Volksgeist: The “Spirit of the People”(1815-1850)
The Conservative Confession of Faith, Prince Klemens von Metternich
Stirrings: The People and the Fatherland, Johann Gottlieb Fichte
The Duties of Man, Giuseppi Mazzini
The Reflection in the Mirror: The Greek Revolution of 1820
“To Avenge Ourselves Against a Frightful Tyranny”
Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1826), Eugène Delacroix
“A Moderate Amount of Happiness for All Men”, Alexis de Tocqueville
1848: “A Great Outburst of Elemental Forces Had Begun”, Carl Schurz
The Political Unification of Italy and Germany (1850-1890)
Proclamation for the Liberation of Sicily (1860), Giuseppe Garibaldi
Address to the Italian Parliament (1871), King Victor Emmanuel II
“We Germans Fear God, and Nothing Else in the World”:
Speech to the Reichstag (1888), Otto von Bismarck
Against the Grain: The Zionist Movement
The Basil Program (1897)
Chapter 9: “Mark Them with Your Dead!”: The Scramble for Global Empire
“Send Forth the Best Ye Breed!”: The Foundations of Imperialism
Racism and the Corruption of Science
The Descent of Man (1871), Charles Darwin
The Standpoint of Science (1900), Karl Pearson
For God and Country
The Mandate System: Britain’s Duty in Egypt (1890) , Joseph Chamberlain
“France Must Be a Great Country!” (1883), Jules Ferry
Germany’s Place in the Sun (1900), Kaiser Wilhelm II
The White Man’s Burden (1899), Rudyard Kipling
“To Seek Another’s Profit and Work Another’s Gain”
“Your New-Caught Sullen Peoples”
Education in India: “The Intrinsic Superiority of Western Literature” (1835), Thomas Babington Macaulay
Foreign Children, Robert Louis Stevenson
“A Natural Inclination to Submit to a Higher Authority” (1893)
Sir Frederick Dealtry Lugard
The Reflection in the Mirror “The Judgment of Your Peers”
The “White Man’s Face”: Terror in the Congo, Frederick Starr
The Battle Hymn of the Republic (Brought Down to Date), Mark Twain
Chapter 10: Fin de Siècle: The Birth of the Modern Era
The Woman Question and Anti-Feminism
Seneca Falls Declaration (1848)
“Sisters of America! Your Sisters of France Are United with You” (1851)
Pauline Roland and Jeanne Deroine
Against Woman Suffrage (1884), Francis Parkman
“The Brain Weight of Women is Five Ounces Less Than That of Men” (1887), George Romanes
Against the Grain: The Independent Woman
A Doll’s House (1879), Henrik Ibsen
“This Is the Logic of Demons!”, Josephine Butler
“I Incite This Meeting to Rebellion” (1912), Emmeline Pankhurst
The Revolt Against Reason
Faith, Love, and Hope: “Enough! Enough!” (1887), Friedrich Nietzsche
“God Is Dead!”, Friedrich Nietzsche
The Artistic Vision: The Insular World of Edvard Munch
Scream (1893), Edvard Munch
PART III: THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND BEYOND
Chapter 11: The Great War (1914-1918)
The Road to War
The Celebration of War
“Without War, No State Could Exist”, Heinrich von Treitschke
“Blind Obedience to Primitive Instincts” (1910), Norman Angell
The Lamps Go Out Over Europe
Statutes of “The Black Hand”
Assassination at Sarajevo: The Plot and Murder (June 28, 1914)
“The Sword is Drawn!” (August 18, 1914), Kaiser Wilhelm II
“They Shall Not Pass”: The Great War (1914-1918)
The Horror of Battle
The Battle of Verdun (February—December 1916)
The Battle of the Somme (July—November 1916)
No Man’s Land, J. Knight-Adkin
“What Are You Fighting For, Michel?”
Against the Grain: Glory in the Skies: The Red Baron
“An Englishman for Breakfast” Baron Manfred von Richthofen
“On the Other Side of the Boundary” Ernst Udet
It Is Sweet and Proper to Die for One’s Country
Five Souls W. N. Ewer
A German War Letter: “One Blood-Soaked, Corpse-Strewn Field” Richard Schiemder
The Artistic Vision: The Nightmare of Otto Dix
Dance of Death in the Year *17: Dead Man Hill
Aftermath: The Light That Failed
“This Is the Way the World Ends”
A German Soldier Returns Home: “A Complete Stranger” Anna Eisenmenger
“If You Want to Endure Life—Prepare for Death” Sigmund Freud
Chapter 12: The Russian Revolution and the Development of the Soviet State (1917—1939)
The Provisional Government (March—November 1917)
“A New, Free Russia Is Born!”: First Declaration of the Provisional Government (March 19, 1917)
The April Theses (April 20, 1917) V. I. Lenin
The Bolshevik Revolution (November—December 1917)
The Overthrow of the Provisional Government: “A New Page in the History of Russia” V. I. Lenin
“Little Good Is To Be Expected” (November 8, 1917) Izvestia
Censorship of the Press (November 9, 1917) V. I. Lenin
Establishment of the Secret Police (December 20, 1917) V. I. Lenin
The Aftermath of Revolution (1917-1928)
State and Revolution: The Transition from Capitalism to Communism (August 1917) V. I. Lenin
“Days of Grueling Work” Alexandra Kollontai
The Communist Emancipation of Women (1920) V. I. Lenin
“Stalin Is Too Rude” (January 4, 1923) V. I. Lenin
Stalin’s Falsification of History (1927) Leon Trotsky
The Development of the Totalitarian State (1928-1938)
The Artistic Vision: The Soviet Creation of Belief
Industrial Worker and Collective Farm Girl (1937) Vera Mukhina
The Soviet Control of Society
Industrialization: “Either Perish or Overtake Capitalistic Countries” (1931) Joseph Stalin
Collectivization and the Liquidation of the Kulaks (1929) Joseph Stalin
“For the Fatherland!” (1936) pravda
The Purge Trials: “Traitors Must Be Shot Like Dirty Dogs!” (1938) Andrei Vyshinsky
The Gulag: “Stalin’s Sadistic Nature Thirsted for Blood!” (1938)
The Reflection in the Mirror The Orwellian World
“Power Is in Tearing Human Minds to Pieces” George Orwell
Chapter 13: Europe between the Wars: Fascism and the Nazi Rise to Power (1919—1939)
The Legacy of World War I
The Rise of Benito Mussolini
“The State’s Authority Was Ready for the Grave” (1922)
The Fascist March on Rome (October 26, 1922)
The Doctrine of Fascism: “This Will Be the Century of the State”
“Germany in Her Deepest Humiliation”
“I Resolved Now to Become a Politician” Adolf Hitler
“Stabbed in the Back” (1919) Paul von Hindenburg
The Treaty of Versailles (1919)
The Weimar Republic
Germany’s Unstable Democracy: The Best and Worst of Times
The Weimar Constitution: Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Germans (1919)
Inflation: “The Boiling Kettle of a Wicked Witch” Lilo Linke
Hitler’s Response to Germany’s Problems
The Nazi Program (1920)
Nazi Political Rally Announcement (February 1921) National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Nazi Appeal and Victory
Nazi Propaganda
Nationalists, Socialists, and Jews (1930) Joseph Goebbels
Free Germany! (1932)
Nazi Victory by the Numbers: Elections to the German Reichstag (1924—1932)
Chancellor to Dictator
Decree for the Protection of the People and State (February 28, 1933)
The Enabling Act (March 24, 1933)
Law Against the New Formation of Parties (July 14, 1933)
Law Concerning the Head of the German State (August 1, 1934)
The Role of the Family in the Nazi State
“Our Fanatical Fellow-Combatants” (September 8, 1934) Adolf Hitler
“The Disenfranchisement of Women” Hanna Schmitt
Hitler Youth: “Tough As Leather, Hard As Krupp Steel” Adolf Hitler
Conversion and Resistance
“Now I Know Which Road to Take” Joseph Goebbels
“I Had Given Him My Heart” Kurt Ludecke
Against the Grain: “Guilty! Guilty! Guilty!”
Leaflets of “The White Rose” (1942) Hans and Sophie Scholl
Chapter 14: “The Abyss Also Looks into You”: War and Holocaust (1939-1945)
The Road to War (1938—1939)
The Czechoslovak Crisis (September 1938—March 1939)
“The Misery of the Sudeten Germans Is Indescribable” (September 12, 1938) Adolf Hitler
“Czechoslovakia Has Ceased to Exist” (March 15, 1939) Adolf Hitler
“I Bitterly Regret What Has Now Occurred” (March 15, 1939) Neville Chamberlain
The Invasion of Poland (September 1939)
“Our Enemies Are Little Worms” (August 22, 1939) Adolf Hitler
“Everything I Have Hoped for Has Crashed into Ruins” (September 3, 1939) Neville Chamberlain
Total War (1939-1943)
The Battlefield and the Homefront
Alone: “Their Finest Hour” (June 18, 1940) Winston Churchill
The Battle of Britain: “So Much Owed by So Many to So Few” (August 20, 1940) Winston Churchill
London Aflame! Mrs. Robert Henrey
“A Date Which Will Live in Infamy” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Women in the Factories: “My Hands Are as Smooth as the Steel I Worked On” Elizabeth Hawes
The Jewish Holocaust (1923-1945)
“The Jews Are the Cause of Our Misfortune!”
The Jewish Peril (April 1923) Adolf Hitler
“Not a Single Jew” (1932)
“I Got You at Last, You Little German Girl!” (1938) Ernst Hiemer
The Radicalization of Anti-Semitism (1938-1941)
“Jewish Ghettos Shall Have to Be Created” (November 12, 1938)
“The Annihilation of the Jewish Race in Europe!” (January 30, 1939) Adolf Hitler
“The Jews Are to Blame!” (1941) Joseph Goebbels
The Final Solution (1942-1945)
“A Complete Solution to the Jewish Question” (July 31, 1941) Hermann Goering
The Wansee Conference (January 20, 1942)
The Death Camps: “Work Makes You Free”
Sites of Nazi Concentration Camps
Genocide Rudolf Hoess
The Pit Hermann Gräbe
Gas Kurt Gerstein
Mobile Killing
Nazi Medical Experiments Dr. Franz Blaha
Commandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Hoess
Against the Grain: Jewish Resistance
Nazi Problems in the Warsaw Ghetto (May 1, 1943) Joseph Goebbels
The Destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto (May 1943) Jürgen Stroop
Manifesto of the Jewish Resistance in Vilna (September 1943)
Götterdämmerung: The Final Destruction (1944—1945)
The D-Day Invasions (June 6, 1944)
The Paratrooper: “He Was Blown Away” Ken Russell
The Assault on Omaha Beach: “I’m Hit! I’m Hit!” Harold Baumgarten
The Reflection in the Mirror Fiftieth Anniversary of D-Day
“When They Were Young, These Men Saved the World” President Bill Clinton
The Vision at Sixty-Five President Barack Obama
The Funeral Oration of Pericles Thucydides
The Aftermath of War
The Destruction of Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) Harry S Truman
Nuremberg: The Crimes of the Nazi Regime Justice Robert H. Jackson
The Existential Perspective (1956) Jean-Paul Sartre
Chapter 15: The Era of the Superpowers: Cold War Confrontation (1945-1990)
Retrenchment (1945-1960)
The Reconstruction of Europe
The Marshall Plan (June 1947) George C. Marshall
Program for the Welfare State: The Beveridge Report
The Retreat from Empire
Vietnam: “Determined to Fight to the Bitter End” (1945) Ho Chi Minh
British Rule in India (1946) JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
The Arab Nationalist Movement and Revolution (1958) Abdul Gamal Nasser
The Cold War (1945—1990)
The “Superpower” Rivalry
The Soviet Victory: Capitalism Versus Communism (February 1946) Joseph Stalin
“An Iron Curtain Has Descended Across the Continent” (March 1946) Sir Winston Churchill
The Truman Doctrine (March 1947) Harry S Truman
Marx Was Wrong: The Flaws of Communism (1953) Theodore White
How to Spot a Communist (1955)
Currents of Dissent
The New Class (1957) Milovan Djilas
“The Victory of Communism Is Inevitable!”:
The Secret Speech (1962) Nikita Khrushchev
Prague Spring: The Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)
“A World Turned Upside Down!”: The Gorbachev Era
Against the Grain: Cracks in the Berlin Wall
“Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!” (June 12, 1987) President Ronald Reagan
Perestroika and the Socialist Renewal of Society (September 11, 1989) Mikhail Gorbachev
Gorbachev’s Resignation: “This Society Has Acquired Freedom” (December 25, 1991) Mikhail Gorbachev
Chapter 16: The Dynamics of Change in the Contemporary World (1990-2010)
Political and Economic Initiatives
A United Germany in a United Europe (June 5, 1990) Helmut Kohl
The Reconciliation of France and Germany (September 24, 1990) François Mitterrand
“Czechoslovakia Is Returning to Europe” (February 21, 1990) Václav Havel
Communism: “Far Away from the Mainstream of Civilization” (December 31, 1999) Vladimir Putin
Monetary Union: Europe’s Global Role (1998) Lawrence H. Summers
Ethnic Strife and Terrorism
Ethnic Strife in Eastern Europe (April 15, 1994) Helmut Tuerk
Crimes Against Humanity: “Ethnic Cleansing” in Serbia (1992)
The Reflection in the Mirror: Balkan Crimes
“We Are Witnesses to a Process of Death in the Balkans” (January 12, 1994) Pope John Paul II
“We Wage a War to Save Civilization Itself” (2001) President George W. Bush
The Islamic World and the West
“Fanaticism Is Not a State of Religion, But a State of Mind” (July 11, 2005) Prime Minister Tony Blair
“This Is Going to Be Freedom’s Century” (March 29, 2006) President George W. Bush
Turkey and the European Union (2009) President Barack Obama
Against the Grain: The Future of the West
“A New Beginning” (June 4, 2009) President Barack Obama
“The Burqa Is Not Welcome in France”: The Press Conference (June 6, 2009)
President Barack Obama and President Nicholas Sarkozy
Notă biografică
Perry M. Rogers received his B.A. from San Jose State University, his M.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his Ph.D. from the University of Washington where he specialized in ancient history with fields in medieval history, and Early Modern Europe. He has been a professor of Roman history at the Ohio State University and has held an adjunct position in the Liberal Arts at the Pontifical College Josephinum for several years. He remains Chair of the History Department at Columbus School for Girls, an independent, college preparatory school in Columbus, Ohio. Rogers’s two-volume publications for Pearson/Prentice Hall include Aspects of Western Civilization (7th edition), Aspects of World History, and The Human Spirit: Sources in the Western Humanities.
Textul de pe ultima copertă
The seventh edition of Aspects of Western Civilization maintains balanced coverage of historical periods while restructuring several chapters and enhancing coverage in particular areas. It also offers additional pedagogical resources for the instructor and additional guidance for students.
- Structural Changes: There are two new chapters in Volume 2 designed to help students better understand the development of nationalism and subsequent political unification movements during the nineteenth century (“Paths of Glory: Napoleon and the Romantic Movement” and “Fatherland: The Power of Nationalism”). Chapter 10 (“Fin de Siècle: The Birth of the Modern Era”) has been restructured for greater continuity. There are also two new chapters added at the end of Volume 2 (“The Era of the Superpowers: Cold War Confrontation” and “The Dynamics of Change in the Contemporary World”) in order to expand coverage of the Cold War from 1945 to 1990 and to focus in greater detail on events in the contemporary world from 1990-2010.
- Enhanced Coverage: Beyond the additional coverage from 1945 to 2010, several chapters in both volumes have been expanded to enhance the study of important topics: Hebrew prophets (Amos and Isaiah), early Greek literature (Sappho, Pindar, and Hesiod), values in the early and middle Roman Republic (Livy), and visions of the New World (Thomas More and Michel de Montaigne) in Volume 1. Enhanced coverage in Volume 2 includes the American Declaration of Independence; Romantic poetry of Schiller, Goethe, and Byron; perspectives on the slave trade from Olaudah Equiano and William Wilberforce; additional nationalist sources from Alexis de Tocqueville and Theodor Herzl; and enhanced coverage of nineteenth century feminist movements (Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Ibsen’s A Doll’s House). Several selections also have been added to the coverage of the Holocaust and there are new sections on Serbian genocide in the Balkans in the 1990s, including the papal response. Coverage of the Cold War focuses on internal rebellion (Hungarian and Czechoslovakian revolutions), the Brezhnev Doctrine, and post-Cold War developments of eastern European and Balkan states. Finally, a new section on The Islamic World and the West concentrates on economic relationships between Turkey and the European Union, and Muslim relationships with France and the United States.
- New Feature Selections: Several new Feature selections have been added to the seventh edition, including a new rubric in Volume 1 entitled “The Historian at Work.” This Feature introduces students to historiography as well as to critical method, and provides longer excerpts from several of the most important historians of the ancient and medieval worlds (Herodotus, Thucydides, Livy, Tacitus, Josephus, Appian, and Usamah ibn-Munqidh). New Feature selections often focus on the integration of art and architecture into the political mainstream as revolutionary cultural elements (Giotto, Bernini and St. Peter’s Basilica, Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony, Francisco Goya and Napoleon, Eugène Delacroix and the Greek Revolution of 1820, the social perspective by train during the Industrial Revolution, the insular world of Edvard Munch, and the nightmare visions of Otto Dix during World War I). New Features also include Theodor Herzl and the Zionist movement, excerpts from A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, Pope John Paul II on the Serbian genocide, and President Barack Obama’s 2009 speech to the Muslim world in Egypt regarding “a new beginning” with the West.
- New Pedagogical Aids: Every effort has been made in the seventh edition to aid both instructors and students in using the text for discussions and class papers. Chapter opening essays and introductions to the primary sources have been reviewed and edited to establish a strong sense of historical continuity, andstudy questions have been clarified and refined to solicit specific information and offer a broader perspective on the abstract implications of ideas and events. Author Perry Rogers has inserted additional secondary sources on the decline of the Roman Empire and focused some questions on contending ideas under the rubric: “Taking Sides.” He has edited and modernized translations to clarify ideas and bring older idioms into conformity with modern usage. Study questions have been numbered for easier reference in class discussions and written assignments. New Key Events chronologies have been added to each chapter and have been placed near corresponding coverage, giving students a solid historical reference point.
- New Organizational Tool for Instructors: A new Thematic Index is available to instructors for download in PDF format to assist in developing comparative ideas across time and, ultimately, to make it easier to teach the course. This Thematic Index groups each primary source by chapter according to the seven themes listed in the Preface. Some sources are cross-referenced under multiple rubrics as application warrants. This superb organizational tool can be downloaded in PDF format from Pearson’s online catalog at www.pearsonhighered.com. Select “Educators” from the menu options and follow the instructions labeled “Download Instructor Resources.”
Caracteristici
What is the ideal way to teach Western Civilization?
How do you ensure complete understanding of primary source documents?
How do you manage the integration of various historical themes?
What is the quality of written assignments your students turn in?
Are your students visual learners?
- Aspects of Western Civilization is broad in scope and explores a wide variety of political, social, economic, religious, intellectual, and scientific issues. It is chronological in its approach and is internally organized around seven major themes which provide direction and cohesion for the text while allowing for originality of thought in both written and oral analysis:
- The Power Structure
- Social and Spiritual Values
- The Institution and the Individual
- Imperialism
- Revolution and Historical Transition
- The Varieties of Truth
- Women in History
- Aspects of Western Civilization follows a chronological approach which is easily incorporated into a traditional history or humanities curriculum. There are thirteen chapters in Volume 1 and sixteen in Volume 2. The second volume contains an opening chapter that covers both the Renaissance and Reformation movements, thereby providing a smooth transition to a second-semester modern Western Civilization course. The length of the chapters is manageable and each chapter offers a good balance between political, social, and economic themes. Author Perry Rogers provides extensive introductions to each primary source to give students the historical and biographical background necessary for effective analysis of the sources.
- The book provides a more extensive and diverse selection of primary sources than any other Western Civilization reader and a unique structure that helps students understand the sweep and continuity of history.
- The text follows a problem-orientated approach. Students learn from the past most effectively when confronted with problems that have meaning in their own lives. Aspects of Western Civilization attempts to provoke controversy and discussion which may be rooted in topics of the past but which have real application and relevancy for the contemporary world. History is not presented as a stagnant observation of past societies but rather as a vehicle for better understanding the present. This text seeks to confront students with questions and problems that human beings have struggled with for centuries. These problems revolve around themes that are explained in greater depth in the Preface.
- This approach differentiates this text from most other Western Civilization readers which present the primary sources in a rather static context.
- Aspects of Western Civilization uses political history as its base but does not neglect the social, economic, intellectual, scientific, technological, and religious aspects of Western Civilization. Most importantly, these subjects are integrated with the political, enabling the student to understand the relationships among these various aspects of history.
- This is the most comprehensive Western Civilization sourcebook on the market. No other text offers such a variety of sources and such a comprehensive integration of political, social, economic, and spiritual dimensions.
- Aspects of Western Civilization offers the instructor many pedagogical options. Each chapter can be assigned for oral discussion in weekly sections (the study questions, quotations, chronologies, and thematic focus all provide an organizing principle for discussion). The chapters provide the background, structure, and provocative questions necessary for engaging discussion. The instructor also has the option of assigning particular sections from each chapter or even specific sources for more intensive analysis.
- Aspects of Western Civilization features a diverse and unique selection of sources. This text includes not only the traditional primary source documents essential to the study of Western Civilization but also some more obscure documents that are not often found in similar texts: wall graffiti, election statistics, poetry, Islamic perspectives, records from the Nuremberg trials, and the Tridentine Index of Forbidden Books. Such sources create lively discussion. Aspects of Western Civilization therefore promotes thoughtful comparisons between world societies that are linked to common problems, events, or historical themes within the same time period and across chronological divisions.
- Updated Translations. A strength of Aspects of Western Civilization has always been the quality of its translations (many pulled from the Penguin Classics series). In the seventh edition, older translations have been clarified and modernized, and in some cases retranslated by the editor.
How do you ensure complete understanding of primary source documents?
- Aspects of Western Civilization is structured to provide students with all they need to understand and analyze the sources. The main strength of the text lies in its structure and the direction given to students through the introductions to each of the primary sources. Study Questions are provided to promote analysis and evoke critical response. This structure offers advantages that cannot be gained by arbitrarily pulling primary sources from a web site with no introduction, no pedagogical vision, no commitment to the quality of translations, and no historical perspective. Each chapter follows the same format:
- Time Line Chronological Overview: These brief time lines are designed to give students a visual perspective of the main events, movements, and personalities discussed in the chapter. Each chapter also has a Key Events Chronology for historical continuity.
- Quotations: These are statements from various historians, artists, philosophers, diplomats, literary figures, and religious spokespersons that offer insight and give perspective on the subject matter of the chapter.
- Chapter Themes: Each chapter is framed by several questions that direct the reader to broader issues and comparative perspectives found in the ideas and events of other chapters. This feature acknowledges the changing perspectives of different eras while linking historical problems that emphasize the continuity of history.
- General Introduction: A general introduction provides a brief historical background and focuses the themes or questions to be discussed in the chapter.
- Headnotes: These are extensive introductions that explain in detail the historical or biographical background of each primary source. They also focus themes and discuss interrelationships with other relevant primary sources.
- Primary Sources: The sources provided are diverse and include excerpts from drama and literature, short stories, speeches, letters, diary accounts, poems, newspaper articles, philosophical tracts, propaganda flyers, and works of art and architecture.
- Study Questions: A series of study questions concludes each source or chapter section and presents a basis for oral discussion or written analysis. The study questions do not seek mere regurgitation of information but demand a more thoughtful response that is based on reflective analysis of the primary sources. The study questions form the heart of this text and guide the student experience throughout. They are designed to establish a common foundation for discussion and critical assessment and to provide a framework for students to think and react in oral or written analysis. The study questions are divided into three separate types of questions, each numbered for easy reference and designed to develop a range of answers on several levels of complexity:
- Consider This: These questions are direct and pertain to individual sources. They are primarily designed to solicit specific information about the context and content of the primary source and sometimes ask follow-up comparative questions that link sources. They are rather limited in focus, but should provide a foundation for class discussion or a short paper. They demand some amount of regurgitation, but do not neglect important analytical possibilities. This is how instructors can promote class discussion and easily determine the extent of student understanding.
- The Broader Perspective: These questions go beyond foundational information and frame the larger, more abstract problems and perspectives of historical analysis: moral responsibility; justifications of power; definitions of freedom, decline, or progress, etc. These questions are more complex and challenging and they require more attention on the part of the instructor. But they stimulate discussions on a deeper level and seek to push students toward a more expansive awareness of the world around them.
- Keep In Mind: These questions occur at the beginning of primary sources that appear only in the Features and help students analyze the source by providing a guidepost. They are designed to enhance discussion of a more complex topic.
How do you manage the integration of various historical themes?
- The study of history is, by necessity, an integrative experience. Aspects of Western Civilization provides insight into the interrelationships among art, music, literature, poetry, and architecture during various historical periods. Students are linked to relevant historical events, broader artistic movements, styles, and historiography through four unique features of the text:
- The Artistic Vision: This feature emphasizes the creative processes and vision of an artist who embodies a dominant style of the period or expresses the social or spiritual values of the age. This feature includes architecture as an expression of culture and presents a visual analysis of painting and sculpture, architectural floor plans, religious shrines, theaters, or other monuments that are important cultural expressions of a particular society.
- Against the Grain: This feature focuses on those who don’t fit or are in conflict with their societies but embody the edge of creative change and set new artistic or historical parameters: the outsider, the radical mind, the free thinker. What impact does this individual have on the historical landscape? To what extent does progress depend on those who threaten the status quo and seek new directions outside the mainstream?
- The Reflection in the Mirror: This feature offers an analysis of a focused moral or philosophical problem within a culture. It emphasizes the more abstract themes of progress and decline, arrogance and power, salvation, the impact of war and disease, the conflict between science and religion, the relationship between divinity and humanity, and the importance of human memory and creativity when juxtaposed with technological progress. This feature promotes thoughtful reflection at critical moments of change.
- The Historian at Work: This is a feature of Volume I that provides a longer and more extensive analysis of the work of an historian who is a central source for our knowledge of the period. This feature allows students to view the creation of history by critically assessing method and understanding how the individual strengths and weaknesses of particular historians actually limit or enhance our perspective on the past and affect our assessment of truth.
- No other primary source reader on the market makes such a commitment to creative format and pedagogical vision. In Aspects of Western Civilization, primary sources become the essential component of historical analysis and perspective, rather than a peripheral static commodity.
- Aspects of Western Civilization is conceived as a vehicle for written assignments--a teaching option that is unique among primary source texts. There has always been a struggle in university courses over whether or not a “term paper” should be assigned. Most undergraduates on the freshman and sophomore levels do not possess the skills or knowledge to carry out effective individual research. Nor do professors or teaching assistants have time to offer the kind of direction that quality work demands. So analytical writing, apart from exams, is often either ignored or characterized as a necessary but futile exercise. The chapters of this text are structured as essentially self-contained topics. Except for a more detailed historical background which can be found in a textbook, no further research is necessary in order to write an analytical paper of 8-10 pages. To use the text as a basis for writing assignments, the student would merely be asked to write a paper on one of the chapters, using the Study Questions as the basis for analysis, and citation of particular sources and page numbers as evidence of responsible research. Students are challenged and engaged by the process. Discussions after such a writing assignment will be intense, to say the least, and are based on a firmer understanding of the material. As a side note, instructors may also assign particular sections for shorter, reflective papers (2-3 pages long).
- This writing option is a unique feature of Aspects of Western Civilization.
Are your students visual learners?
- Visual Analysis: A final feature of Aspects of Western Civilization which distinguishes it from most similar texts is the inclusion of photographs and illustrations that focus on a particular aspect of the chapter. Students are directed to specific visual material at appropriate times in the chapter. This integration of visual and written source material lends interest to the presentation and makes the history come alive!
- An Appealing Visual Format: Aspects of Western Civilization features an expansive visual format that is more stimulating for students. This layout allows for the inclusion of pull quotes in the feature boxes and permits a smooth integration of visual sources with numerous graphs, charts, illustrations, and photographs. Visual time lines positioned at the beginning of each chapter have been expanded and updated to provide a more comprehensive visual exposition of chronology.