This book represents a 'snapshot' in time. Tomorrow we will discover something new about the humble atom which may modify or even radically change the paradigms we have held so sacrosanct until then. It is hoped, though, that it will present sufficient ground-work as to provide a spring-board to students in their quest for a greater understanding of the atom and of its fundamental particles. It is also hoped that a more profound understanding of the nature of life may also be gained as well as raise begging questions which have not here-to-for been entertained. It is intended to cover much of the syllabus for A-Level and High School studies. Because of the simple language, tables and diagrams however, the subject matter will be easily absorbed by, and be of great interest to, the comparative lay persons among us.