Like many other countries, the Beninese state owns a sizeable portfolio of public companies. It has also acquired stakes in the capital of various private companies and sub-regional, regional and international entities. To manage this portfolio of holdings, the Direction Générale des Participations de l'État (DGPED) was created in 2016, with the principal mission of embodying the State as shareholder through the financial supervision of public companies and the management of State holdings. However, after five years of existence of this structure, can it really be said that the State ensures efficient and responsible management of its portfolio? The search for an answer to this question led us to take an interest in the activities of the DGPED, and to carry out a study on optimizing the monitoring of the Beninese government's portfolio of public enterprises and shareholdings. The study revealed a number of shortcomings that reflect the unsatisfactory monitoring of the State's portfolio. The aim of our study is to identify these shortcomings and propose solutions.