This book is based on a PhD research conducted in South Africa, with the aim of developing an Organisational Development (OD) approach for community-based organisations (CBOs) - and ultimately promoting community and civil society development. The study is motivated by current development challenges in South Africa and the role civil society can play to represent citizens' interests in relation to state and market. As part of civil society, CBOs are generally recognised as pivotal stakeholders in the South African development context, but are in reality marginalised and unable to assert themselves in the development sector. Principles, approaches and methods for OD at a CBO level are presented, which are ultimately related through their view of organisations as complex social systems, their emphasis on learning, and the critical examination of power asymmetries. Reflections specifically engage with three themes: capacity, leadership, and relationships. The book is written for OD- and development practitioners and researchers - whether they work at a grassroots or international level. It is hoped that the case stories will lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of CBOs.