Bone is unique in its inherent capability to completely regenerate without scar tissue formation. This characteristic is central to skeletal homeostasis, fracture repair, as well as bone graft incorporation. The need for bone grafting to replace skeletal defects or augment bony reconstruction has become more prevalent recently because of enhanced capability to salvage major bone loss. An understanding of the properties of the various bone graft material is important in understanding the processes that influence the incorporation of the bone graft into the host skeleton.