The effects of climate change on ecosystems are complex. The impact on the species and habitats protected by the Bern Convention may differ widely, depending on the species, their habitats and location. This publication includes seven expert reports presenting concrete measures for addressing the vulnerability of Europe's natural heritage in the face of climate change and its effects, and how this heritage must adapt in order to survive. With this publication, the Council of Europe aims to increase awareness about the links between biodiversity and climate, and emphasize the large potential for synergies when addressing biodiversity loss and climate change in an integrated manner.