This book primarily discusses the remote sensing theory of biomass. Usually, the term biomass refers to all those materials that have originated from photosynthesis. Nevertheless, it can also apply to animals. It is important to conserve and manage biomass. There are several methods and techniques for its evaluation. One such technique is remote sensing which supplies data about biomass and also includes the appraisal of biodiversity and ecological factors over a large area. The immense capability of remote sensing has received huge attention over the last few decades in several different areas in biological sciences like nutrient status assessment, weed abundance, deforestation, glacial features in Arctic and Antarctic regions, density mapping and depth sounding of coastal and ocean depths. The book covers the following significant issues: various aspects of biomass study and survey, use of remote sensing for evaluation of biomass, evaluation of primary productivity through case studies and evaluating carbon storage in ecosystems.