This book intends to look ahead to the numerous future biomedical applications of DNA and RNA aptamers, especially in the areas of diagnostics and therapeutics. In this book, the editor assembles an international set of contributors from a variety of biomedical disciplines covering the whole gambit of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of aptamers. The reader will also be exposed to some of the latest applications of aptamers for the detection and destruction of pathogenic bacteria, exotic and sometimes lethal viruses and parasites as well as cancer cells.