Biotechnology is a field of biology that involves living systems and organisms for the production and development of products. It is an interdisciplinary field which incorporates principles from molecular biology, biomedical engineering and biomanufacturing. Biotechnology applies concepts from numerous fields such as agriculture, food production, medicine, genomics and immunology. Some of the important sub-disciplines within this field are blue biotechnology, bioinformatics, green biotechnology and red biotechnology. The applications of biotechnology are categorized into four areas, namely, health care, crop production, industrial uses of crops, and production of other products such as biodegradable plastics and biofuels. This textbook is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of biotechnology. The various sub-fields of biotechnology along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in it. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.