Block copolymers constitute a fascinating group of polymeric materials belonging to the soft matter family. These materials are formed by blocks of polymeric chains from different monomers. In most cases, these blocks are thermodynamically incompatible, but the covalent bonds between them impose specific arrangements, generating particular morphologies both in bulk and in solution. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the phase morphology, material applications and future challenges of block copolymers.