Water is a vital element for life. Each recognised form of life on earth, from the smallest microbes to the largest mammals, rely on water. But the amount of fresh water on the earth is limited. Due to industrialisation, urbanisation, and rapid growth of population; even this small amount of fresh water is compromised. Various types of inorganic (toxic and heavy metals) and organic pollutants (dyes, pesticides and pharmacological) are continuously polluting the ecosystem. The development of new efficient technologies are always in demand for the removal of these pollutants. There are several chemical and physical methods available, but among those methods, ion exchange, adsorption and solvent extraction are known to be the most simple and cost effective methods for the removal of these pollutants. This comprehensive book covers 14 review chapters on todays rapidly growing areas of ion exchange, adsorption and solvent extraction and provides an important resource for scientists, and researchers in the fields of Environmental Science, Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Material Science and Engineering.