Brazil is a major supplier of ethanol to the world market, the result of its natural advantage in producing sugarcane. Global demand for ethanol and other biobased fuels is expected to grow in response to mandates for increased use of renewable fuels around the world and Brazil will be well positioned to fill the growing world demand for ethanol. Brazil is also one of the world's leading cotton producers and an important competitor of the United States in Asian and European cotton markets. This book provides an overview of Brazil's ethanol and cotton industries with a focus on future economic reform and development.