This book demonstrates how school reforms of the past 200 years share many common flaws. Based on an intensive three-year study of school reform in the United States, Breaking the Cycle of Failed School Reform analyzes and critiques the following historical reform movements: Lancastrian Plan, 1806; Age-graded Plan, 1848; Gary Plan, 1906; Trump Plan, 1959; School Development Plan, 1968; and Coalition of Essential Schools, 1984.