In this book we have introduced the basics of the federal budget process,provided an historical background on the foundation and development ofthe budget process, indicated how defense spending may be measured andhow it impacts the economy, described and analyzed how Planning, Programming,Budgeting and Execution System (PPBES) operates andshould function to produce the annual defense budget proposal to Congress,analyzed the role of Congress in debating and deciding on defenseappropriations and the politics of the budgetary process including the useof supplemental appropriations to fund national defense, analyzed budgetexecution dynamics, identified the principal participants in the defensebudget process in the Pentagon and military commands, assessed federaland Department of Defense (DoD) financial management and businessprocess challenges and issues, and described the processes used to resourceacquisition of defense war fighting assets, including reforms in acquisitionand linkages between PPBES and the defense acquisition process.