After participating in several sessions of the UN Human Rights Council and treaty bodies, I realised that some countries are rushing to ratify international human rights texts but their implementation remains fragile and problematic. My perception is that it is not enough for human rights to be declared, let alone for states to ratify international human rights texts, but rather for the declared rights to be protected and for states to accept their implementation. In this book, I develop the example of my country, Burundi, based on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR).