Drought is one of the complex environmental factors affecting growth and yield of sorghum in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Developing crops that have the mechanism to cope with such drought prone production environments is vital. Callus culture is a novel approach addressing cultured cells as selection units independent of whole plant. In vitro culture of plant cells and tissue has attracted considerable interest over recent years because it provides the means to study plant physiological aspects and genetic processes in addition to offering the potential to assist in the breeding of improved cultivars by increasing genetic variability.For in vitro drought stress induction, one of the most popular approaches is to use high molecular weight osmotic substances, like polyethylene glycol (PEG). This book, therefore, provides a new perspective of efficient and rapid screening method with special emphasis to callusing, callus growth, plant regeneration and growth performance of in vitro regenerated plantlets of sorghum genotypes under induced drought conditions.