The present study seeks to understand the relationship between work and the use of alcohol and tobacco by public servants of the Executive Branch of the State of Minas Gerais. It mobilized theoretical references related to the use of alcohol and tobacco, a very complex and multifaceted problem in today's society. Together, in relation to the question of the influence of work organization on the mental health of workers. Within this context, to understand the relationship between work and the use of alcohol and tobacco by public servants, the present research used a quantitative and qualitative methodology, in the descriptive mode. As a main result of the research on the influence of work on alcohol and tobacco consumption by public servers in Minas Gerais, there is no institutionalized support as a human resources policy to deal with this phenomenon, while quantitative data indicate that the use of alcohol and tobacco is somehow associated with suffering at work. We conclude that the present study contributes in academic terms to research in the area of mental health at work and also in the area of drug policies, especially in the work context.