Pain in oncology, and especially in patients with advanced disease, is an essential issue which cannot be overlooked. Today, pain is worldwide recognised as a very complex symptom which includes different aspects such as somatic, spiritual, social and psychological pain. Practical and scientific knowledge of pain in cancer should be part of the pre and post training of general practioners and oncologists. This manual reflects the opinion of different authors, contributors to pain clinic. These guidelines cover all different aspects of cancer pain. It responds to a need for information, education and training in the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer pain. The reader will find useful information and suggestions as how to diagnose and treat pain from a pharmacological, surgical and psychosocial point of vIew. Pain therapy is a very important part of quality of life; due to its relevance, we think that this manual will be a useful tool for all health professionals, and we are grateful to Drs. K. Foley and F. De Conno for their generous contribution in making this effort successful. Alberto Costa Director European School of Oncology Vlll Acknowledgements The European School of Oncology wishes to acknowledge Janssen Pharmaceutica for an educational grant for the sponsorship of this manual. Pain - definitions, classification and pain. Patients who are aware that their causes pain is temporary have a more positive attitude.