This tool kit explores some of the key attributes of potential and existing emission trading systems, carbon taxes, and fossil fuel subsidies rationalization programs in Asia and the Pacific and other emerging countries. It aims to guide policymakers in the Asian Development Bank's developing member countries to effectively design, implement, and manage the interplay of carbon taxes, emission trading systems, and fossil fuel subsidies reduction programs. The tool kit provides illustrative case studies as examples of the problems governments have encountered in implementing these programs and the solutions they have found to address these issues.