The yellow, orange and red organic pigments which are produced by algae, plants, and various fungi and bacteria are termed as carotenoids. The branches of chemistry and biochemistry which deal with the study of carotenoids are known as carotenoid chemistry and carotenoid biochemistry, respectively. The two main roles served by carotenoid in plants and algae are, the absorption of light energy which is used in photosynthesis, and to provide photoprotection with the help of non-photochemical quenching. Carotenoids help in the control of trans-membrane transport of molecular oxygen in plants, which is released in photosynthesis. They also play a significant role in animals by helping oxygen in its transport, storage and metabolism processes. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of carotenoid chemistry and carotenoid biochemistry. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.